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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 35-43 (January 2012)
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Vol. 59. Issue 1.
Pages 35-43 (January 2012)
Original article
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Growth-dependent effects of dietary protein concentration and quality on the biomechanical properties of the diaphyseal rat femur
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Rosa M. Alippia, Emilio Picassob, Patricia Huygensa, Carlos E. Bozzinia,
Corresponding author
cebozi@fisio.odon.uba.ar

Corresponding author.
, Clarisa Bozzinia
a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1122, Argentina
b Department of Statistics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1122, Argentina
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Abstract
Objectives

This study compares the effects of feeding growing rats with increasing concentra-tions of casein (C) and wheat gluten (G), proteins that show different biological qualities, on the morphometrical and biomechanical properties of the femoral diaphysis.

Materials and methods

Female rats were fed with one of ten diets containing different con-centrations (5–30%) of C and G between the 30th and 90th days of life (Control = C-20%). Biomechanical structural properties of the right femur middiaphysis were estimated using a 3-point bending mechanical test with calculation of some indicators of bone material properties.

Results

Body weight and length were affected by treatments, values being highest in rats fed the C-20% diet. G diets affected negatively both parameters. Changes in cross-sectional geome-try (mid-diaphyseal cross-sectional and cortical areas, femoral volume, and rectangular moment of inertia) were positively related to the C content of the diet, while they were severely and negatively affected by G diets. Similar behaviors were observed in the bone structural properties (fracture load, yielding load, diaphyseal stiffness and elastic energy absorption). When values of strength and stiffness were normalized for body weight, the differences disappeared. The bone material quality indicators (elastic modulus, yielding stress, elastic energy absorption/volume) did not differ significantly among all studied groups. Femoral calcium concentration in ashes was not significantly different among groups.

Conclusion

The clear differences in strength and stiffness of bone beams induced by dietary protein concentration and quality seemed to be the result of an induced subnormal gain in bone structural properties as a consequence of a correlative subnormal gain in bone growth and mass, yet not in bone material properties.

Keywords:
Diet
Protein
Casein
Wheat gluten
Growth
Bone biomechanics
Resumen
Objetivos

Este estudio compara los efectos sobre las propiedades morfométricas y biomecáni-cas de la diáfisis femoral de ratas en edad de crecimiento de dos proteínas dietarias, caseína (C) y gluten de trigo (G), que muestran características biológicas diferentes, ofrecidas en concentraciones crecientes en las dietas utilizadas.

Material y métodos

Ratas hembras fueron alimentadas entre los días 30 y 90 de sus vidas con una de diez dietas que contenían concentraciones diferentes (5–30%) de C y G (Controles = C al 20%). Se estimaron las propiedades biomecánicas estructurales de la parte media de la diáfisis del fémur derecho mediante la prueba mecánica de flexión a tres puntos calculándose, además, algunos indicadores de las propiedades biomecánicas del material óseo.

Resultados

Los tratamientos afectaron al peso corporal y a la talla, con valores más elevados en aquellas ratas alimentadas con la dieta C al 20%. Las dietas conteniendo G afectaron en forma negativa a ambos parámetros. Los cambios en la geometría de la sección transversal (áreas de la sección transversal de la parte media de la diáfisis y cortical, volumen del fémur y momento rectangular de inercia) mostraron una correlación positiva con la concentración de C en las dietas, mientras que fueron severa y negativamente afectados por la presencia de G en las mismas. Se observaron comportamientos similares en las propiedades estructurales del hueso (carga o resistencia a fractura, punto de cesión, rigidez diafisaria y absorción de energía durante el período elástico). Cuando los valores de rigidez y resistencia diafisarias fueron nor-malizados por el peso corporal, desaparecieron las diferencias. Los indicadores de la calidad biomecánica del material óseo (módulo de elasticidad, estrés elástico límite, absorción elástica de energía/volumen óseo) no fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los grupos estudiados. La concentración de calcio femoral no mostró diferencias entre grupos.

Conclusión

Las diferencias significativas de rigidez y resistencia entre las diáfisis femorales inducidas por la concentración y calidad de las proteínas dietarias parecieran ser el resultado de la ganancia subnormal de las mismas como consecuencia de una ganancia también subnormal del crecimiento y de la masa ósea, sin alteraciones de las propiedades materiales.

Palabras clave:
Dieta
Proteínas
Caseína
Gluten de trigo
Crecimiento
Biomecánica ósea
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Please cite this article as: Alippi RM, et al. Growth-dependent effects of dietary protein concentration and quality on the biomechanical properties of the diaphyseal rat femur. Endocrinol Nutr. 2012;59(1):35–43.

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