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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 42-55 (January 2003)
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 42-55 (January 2003)
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Antibióticos betalactámicos
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Mar Marín, Francesc Gudiol1
Corresponding author
fgudiol@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Gudiol. Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital de Bellvitge. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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Los betalactámicos, que actúan inhibiendo la última etapa de la síntesis de la pared celular bacteriana, constituyen la familia más numerosa de antimicrobianos y la más utilizada en la práctica clínica. Se trata de compuestos de acción bactericida lenta, relativamente independiente de la concentración plasmática, que presentan escasa toxicidad y poseen un amplio margen terapéutico. Su espectro se ha ido ampliando a lo largo de los años por la incorporación de nuevas moléculas con mayor actividad frente a los bacilos gramnegativos; pero la progresiva aparición de resistencias adquiridas ha limitado su uso empírico y su eficacia en determinadas situaciones. Aun así, la penicilina sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección en un buen número de infecciones clásicas, las cefalosporinas lo son en la profilaxis quirúrgica y en infecciones comunitarias graves, las carbapenemas en infecciones nosocomiales mixtas y por bacterias multirresistentes y los inhibidores de betalactamasas permiten el uso eficaz de las amino y ureido penicilinas en infecciones de gran relevancia

Palabras clave:
Betalactámicos
Indicaciones clínicas
Antimicrobianos

Betalactams, which act by inhibiting the last phase of bacterial cell wall synthesis, constitute the largest family of antimicrobial agents and the most extensively used in current clinical practice. These drug have a slow bactericidal action that is relatively independent of plasma concentrations, little toxicity and a broad therapeutic margin. Their spectrum has increased over the years with the incorporation of new molecules having greater activity against gram-negative bacilli. Nevertheless, the progressive emergence of acquired resistance has limited the empirical use of betalactams and their efficacy in certain situations. Despite this problem, penicillin is still the treatment of choice for a large number of classic infections, cephalosporins are widely used in surgical prophylaxis and severe community-acquired infections, carbapenems are the choice for mixed nosocomial and multiresistant bacterial infections

Keywords:
Betalactams
Clinical use
Antimicrobial agents
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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