Article information
Resumen
La colangitis aguda es una infección potencialmente grave de las vías biliares, que se produce como consecuencia de una obstrucción a dicho nivel. La litiasis coledocal es la causa más frecuente de la colangitis. La obstrucción de la vía biliar y la colonización bacteriana subsiguiente condicionan la aparición de la infección. Los microorganismos de la flora entérica, aerobios y, en menor grado, anaerobios, son los agentes causales en la mayoría de casos. La denominada tríada de Charcot constituye la sintomatología clínica más frecuente. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante técnicas radiológicas abdominales, entre las que se incluyen la ecografía, la tomografía computarizada y la colangiorresonancia magnética, en las que se detectan signos de obstrucción de la vía biliar y, en muchas ocasiones, la causa subyacente de ésta. El tratamiento antimicrobiano apropiado precoz y el drenaje biliar, generalmente efectuado mediante técnicas endoscópicas, son la terapia de elección en la mayoría de pacientes.
Palabras clave:
Colangitis aguda
Infección vías biliares
Drenaje biliar
Sepsis biliar
Abstract
Acute cholangitis is a potentially severe infection of the biliary tract, resulting from a biliary obstruction. The most frequent cause of cholangitis is common duct stones. Biliary tract obstruction and secondary bacterial colonization lead to infection. In most cases, the causative agents are intestinal microflora, mostly aerobic microorganisms (and, to a lesser extent, anaerobic bacteria). The Charcot triad constitutes the most frequent symptomatology. Diagnosis is confirmed by means of radiological techniques, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography scan, or magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, in which signs of obstruction of the biliary tract can be detected and its etiology can often be determined. In most patients the treatment of choice is early appropriate antimicrobial therapy and biliary drainage, generally using endoscopic techniques.
Keywords:
Acute cholangitis
Biliary tract infection
Biliary drainage
Biliary sepsis
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