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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Grado de cumplimiento y determinantes de las recomendaciones sobre la higiene de...
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Vol. 25. Issue 6.
Pages 369-375 (July 2007)
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Vol. 25. Issue 6.
Pages 369-375 (July 2007)
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Grado de cumplimiento y determinantes de las recomendaciones sobre la higiene de manos
Compliance with hand hygiene guidelines and determinants of compliance
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11658
José Sánchez-Payá
Corresponding author
sanchez_jos@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Sánchez-Payá. Unidad de Epidemiología. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Pintor Baeza, s/n. 03010 Alicante. España.
, M.ª Dolores Galicia-García, Rebeca M.ª Gracia-Rodríguez, Concepción García-González, Marina Fuster-Pérez, Nieves López-Fresneña, Félix Avendaño-Corcoles, Antonio González-Torga
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. España
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Introducción

Un indicador básico para evaluar un programa de mejora de la higiene de manos (HM) es el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dadas para su realización, el objetivo del trabajo es conocer éste y sus factores determinantes en un hospital general.

Métodos

Se han realizado 166 períodos de observación de una hora de duración distribuidos en los tres turnos de trabajo y en todas las unidades de hospitalización, registrándose 3.957 oportunidades de realización de la HM. Se han recogido variables asociadas al período de observación, al profesional y a la propia actividad. Para estudiar la asociación entre las variables explicativas y la no realización de la HM se ha utilizado la chi cuadrado y se ha calculado la odds ratio (OR) cruda y la OR ajustada con un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultados

La frecuencia de realización de la HM es de un 30% y varía según el tipo de actividad de un 8,9 a un 60,5%. Los factores de riesgo de no realización de la HM que tienen un efecto independiente mayor son: la no disposición de solución alcohólica en formato de bolsillo (OR: 2,3 [1,7-3,3]); la realización de las actividades en unidades quirúrgicas (OR: 2,6 [2,0-3,3]); las actividades de antes de entrar en contacto con el paciente (OR: 3,2 [2,4-4,2]), y la utilización de guantes durante la actividad (OR: 2,2 [1,6-3,2]).

Conclusión

La frecuencia de realización de la HM es baja pero existen factores que son potencialmente modificables si se interviene sobre ellos, como por ejemplo, el nivel de conocimientos del personal sanitario sobre la HM.

Palabras clave:
Higiene de manos
Grado de cumplimiento
Factores determinantes
Introduction

A basic indicator for assessing a program aimed at improving hand hygiene (HH) is the degree of compliance with the recommendations established for this purpose. The aim of this study is to investigate this indicator and related determinant factors in a general hospital.

Methods

We performed 166 observation periods of one hour's duration, distributed over three work shifts and covering all the hospitalization units; 3957 HH opportunities were recorded. Variables associated with the observation period, the professionals involved and the medical activity taking place were also recorded. The Chi-square test, and calculation of the raw OR and the adjusted OR with a logistic regression model were used to study associations between the variables studied and failure to perform HH.

Results

The overall frequency of HH activity was 30%, ranging from 8.9% to 60.5% depending on the professional tasks involved. The most important independent risk factors for failure to perform HH were the following: no availability of alcohol in a pocket size bottle (OR: 2.3 [1.7-3.3]); medical activities carried out in the surgical unit (OR: 2.6 [2.0-3.3]); activities taking place before entering into contact with patients (OR: 3.2 [2.4-4.2]); and use of gloves during the activity (OR: 2.2 [1.6-3.2]).

Conclusion

The frequency of HH is low, but there are several potentially modifiable factors involved, which could improve with interventions. One example might be better education of hospital personnel on the importance of HH.

Key words:
Hand hygiene
Compliance
Determinant factors
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Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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