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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Importancia clínica de los mecanismos de resistencia de los hongos filamentosos...
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Vol. 20. Issue 10.
Pages 523-530 (December 2002)
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Vol. 20. Issue 10.
Pages 523-530 (December 2002)
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Importancia clínica de los mecanismos de resistencia de los hongos filamentosos a los antifúngicos
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Emilia Mellado1
Corresponding author
emellado@isciii.es

Dr. E. Mellado. Unidad de Micología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. de Majadahonda-Pozuelo. 28220 Madrid. España.
, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Juan Luis Rodríguez-Tudela
Unidad de Micología. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
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En los últimos años, la incidencia de las infecciones fúngicas ha aumentado de forma considerable. Además, las características de las micosis invasoras también están cambiando, ya que se describen nuevas especies patógenas y aparecen cada vez con más frecuencia cepas y especies resistentes a los antifúngicos. El desarrollo de resistencias a los antifúngicos en los hongos filamentosos es la consecuencia lógica e inevitable del uso de éstos para tratar las micosis invasoras, aunque la frecuencia y la relevancia clínica de esta observación se desconoce. En este texto se analizan los mecanismos de resistencia de los hongos filamentos a los antifúngicos descritos hasta la fecha. El conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares de resistencia a los distintos grupos de antifúngicos puede constituirse como la estrategia más adecuada para poder controlarla e incluso para diseñar moléculas más potentes y seguras que puedan evitarla. En espera de que esto suceda, es importante actuar utilizando de forma correcta las herramientas disponibles en la actualidad: los estudios de vigilancia epidemiológica sobre la aparición de resistencias y estrategias terapéuticas eficaces basadas en el diagnóstico precoz de las micosis invasoras.

In the last years, the incidence of the invasive infection by moulds has increased. Also, the characteristics of invasive mycosis are changing due to the description of new pathogenic species and also because strains and species resistant to antifungal drugs are appearing. The development of mould antifungal drug resistance is the inevitable and logical consequence of their clinical use, although the frequency and clinical relevance of this is unknown. In this text current mould antifungal drugs resistance mechanisms are reviewed. The study of molecular mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance is the most valuable strategy to resistance development controland also in helping to develop safer and more active molecules able to avoid them. In the meanwhile is important the correct use of the available tools: epidemiological surveillance of resistance emergence and to use all the efforts towards prompt diagnosis in order to accomplish an adequate and effective treatment.

Palabras clave:
Hongos filamentosos
Mecanismos de resistencia
Antifúngicos
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Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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