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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Indicaciones del tratamiento antifúngico en pacientes ingresados en servicios d...
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Vol. 22. Issue 5.
Pages 279-285 (May 2004)
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Vol. 22. Issue 5.
Pages 279-285 (May 2004)
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Indicaciones del tratamiento antifúngico en pacientes ingresados en servicios de medicina intensiva*
Indications for antifungal treatment in intensive care unit patients
Visits
10577
Francisco Álvarez-Lermaa,1
Corresponding author
Falvarez@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Álvarez-Lerma. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital del Mar. P.° Marítimo, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España.
, Mercedes Palomarb, Cristóbal Leónc, Pedro Olaechead, Enrique Cerdáe, Begoña Bermejof, Grupo de estudio de Infección Fúngica del Gtei-Semicyuc **
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona
c Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital de Valme. Sevilla
d Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital de Galdakao. Vizcaya
e Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital de Getafe. Madrid
f Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España
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Introducción

El objetivo del estudio ha sido investigar las indicaciones de tratamiento antifúngico en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) españolas y describir las frecuencias de prescripción de cada uno de ellos.

Métodos

Estudio multicéntrico de prevalencia en el que se han incluido los pacientes ingresados en 64 UCI los días 23 de marzo, 22 de junio y 16 de noviembre de 1999. En ellos se investigó la utilización de antifúngicos y los criterios de su indicación. Los pacientes se clasificaron como colonizados o infectados por hongos.

Resultados

En 180 (11,5%) pacientes de los 1.562 incluidos se han prescrito 219 cursos de tratamiento antifúngico (prevalencia de utilización, 14/100 pacientes). El fluconazol ha sido el antifúngico más utilizado, tanto en pacientes con infección como en los colonizados por hongos. Los motivos más frecuentes por los que se han indicado han sido: presencia de candiduria (21,9%), sepsis grave que no responde al tratamiento con antibióticos (19,6%) y presencia de hongos en dos o más localizaciones no invasivas (16,9%). En 17 ocasiones (7,9%) fue por candidemia. El 21,1% de las indicaciones fue en infecciones probadas.

Se han relacionado de forma significativa con utilización de antifúngicos las siguientes variables: enfermedad de base, nivel de gravedad APACHE II, hepatopatía crónica, neoplasia sólida, inmunosupresión y trasplante de órganos. Entre los condicionantes terapéuticos se han seleccionado: utilización de corticoides, quimioterapia, ventilación mecánica, traqueostomía, sonda urinaria, cirugía urgente y/o programada y antibioticoterapia previa.

Conclusiones

El 11,5% de los pacientes incluidos han recibido uno o más tratamientos con antifúngicos. Sólo el 21,1% de los tratamientos se han indicado en infecciones probadas. El fluconazol es el antifúngico más utilizado.

Palabras clave:
Antifúngicos
Fluconazol
Anfotericina B
Motivos de uso
Paciente crítico
UCI
Introduction

This study investigates the indications for antifungal treatment in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in Spain and determines the frequency at which each individual drug is prescribed.

Methods

Observational, multicenter study including all patients admitted to 64 ICUs on 23 March, 22 June, and 16 November, (1999). The use of antifungal agents and the criteria for indicating antifungal therapy were assessed. Patients were classified as colonized or infected by fungi.

Results

In 180 (11.5%) of the 1562 patients included in the study, 219 courses of treatment with antifungal agents were prescribed (antifungal therapy rate of 14 per 100 patients). Fluconazole was the antifungal agent most frequently used, both in infected and colonized patients. The most common reasons for prescribing antifungal therapy were as follows: candiduria (21.9%), severe sepsis with no response to antibiotic therapy (19.6%), and evidence of fungi in two or more non-invasive sites (16.9%). Candidemia was the reason for antifungal treatment in 17 (7.9%) cases. Proven fungal infections accounted for 21.1% of indications. Variables significantly associated with the use of antifungal agents included underlying disease, severity of illness according to the APACHE II score, chronic liver disease, solid tumor, immunosuppression, and organ transplantation. Significant extrinsic risk factors for antifungal therapy included treatment with corticoids, chemotherapy, mechanical ventilation, urgent and/or elective surgery, and previous use of antibiotics.

Conclusions

A total of 11.5% of patients included in the study were given one or more treatment courses with antifungal agents. Antifungal treatment was prescribed in proved fungal infections in only 21.1% of cases. Fluconazole was the antifungal agent most frequently used. Key words: Antifungal drugs. Fluconazole. Amphotericin B. Use criteria. Critically ill patient. ICU.

Key words:
Antifungal drugs
Fluconazole
Amphotericin B
Use criteria
Critically ill patient
ICU
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Al final del artículo se ofrece la relación de hospitales participantes en el estudio Epifuci

Este estudio se ha realizado en parte con la colaboración del laborario Pfizer, España. Los resultados del estudio han sido presentados parcialmente en el 13th Annual Congress of European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Roma, octubre 2000.

Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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