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Vol. 21. Issue 2.
Pages 83-88 (February 2003)
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Vol. 21. Issue 2.
Pages 83-88 (February 2003)
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Intención de tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas en pacientes críticos ingresados en UCI. Resultados de una encuesta multicéntrica
Treatment approach for fungal infections in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units: Results of a multicenter survey
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Francisco Álvarez-Lermaa,1
Corresponding author
FAlvarez@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Álvarez-Lerma. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital del Mar. P.º Marítimo, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España.
, Joan Nollab, Mercedes Palomarc, María A. Leónd
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario del Mar. Barcelona.
b Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona.
c Hospital General de Catalunya.
d San Cugat del Vallés. Barcelona. España.
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Article information
IntroduccióN

Para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones por Candida spp. se han realizado en Estados Unidos y en España, dos Conferencias de Consenso que han permitido identificar situaciones clínicas en las que la prescripción de antifúngicos puede realizarse de forma precoz.

Objetivo

Conocer los criterios que se utilizan para prescribir antifúngicos en España, en los pacientes críticos, así como el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones propuestas en las conferencia de consenso.

Mŕtodos

Se ha diseñado una encuesta dirigida a residentes de medicina intensiva de cuarto o quinto año, a especialistas de medicina intensiva con formación en enfermedades infecciosas, y a especialistas en medicina intensiva con formación en otras áreas. En la encuesta se han incluido cuatro historias clínicas en las que existe consenso entre expertos para indicar tratamiento precoz con antifúngicos: a) peritonitis secundaria a perforación recurrente, con flora mixta, que incluye hongos; b) síndrome febril persistente en paciente con antibióticos de amplio espectro y colonización múltiple de mucosas por hongos; c) candiduria y piuria en un paciente febril, y d) candidemia.

Resultados

Se han obtenido 135 respuestas pertenecientes a 45 unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) diferentes (60% de cumplimiento). En la candidemia y en peritonitis fúngica se iniciaría tratamiento precoz con antifúngicos en el 100 y 85,9% de los casos, respectivamente, mientras que sólo se iniciaría en el 41,5 y 55,6% de los casos de sepsis con candidiasis multifocal o una candiduria asociada a piuria y fiebre. No han existido diferencias significativas en las respuestas según el grado de formación de los encuestados.

Ha predominado la indicación de fluconazol, en especial, a dosis de 400 mg/día, en las peritonitis mixtas, candidiasis diseminada y candiduria, mientras que en los casos de candidemia se indicaría preferentemente formulaciones lipídicas de anfotericina B.

Un tratamiento antifúngico (precoz o tardío) se indicaría en todas las candidemias, en el 95,5% de las peritonitis mixtas (hongos y bacterias), en el 79,5% de las candidiasis multifocales en pacientes con sepsis mantenida, y en el 77,9% de las candidurias con fiebre y piuria.

Conclusiones

El seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las conferencias de consenso ha sido elevado entre los médicos intensivistas y no existen variaciones en función del grado de formación en patología infecciosa.

Palabras clave:
Candidemia
Candiduria
Candidiasis multifocal
Peritonitis por Candida
Antifúngicos
Introduction

Two consensus conferences taking place in the United States and Spain were organized to optimize diagnosis and treatment of Candida spp. infections. Among other results, clinical scenarios in which early prescription of antifungal agents is indicated were identified.

Objective

To determine the criteria followed by physicians for prescribing antifungal agents in critically ill patients in our country and to investigate adherence to the guidelines proposed by the consensus conferences.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed and directed to 4th- and 5th-year residents in intensive care medicine and to specialists in intensive care with training in infectious diseases or other medical areas. Four case reports for which expert consensus indicates early antifungal treatment were included in the questionnaire; 1) recurrent peritonitis secondary to perforation of the digestive tract, with mixed flora including fungi; 2) persistent febrile syndrome in a patient with multiple mucosal fungal colonizations treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; 3) candiduria and pyuria in a febrile patient; and 4) candidemia.

Results

A total of 135 questionnaires from 45 different ICUs were returned (60% response rate). In the candidemia and fungal peritonitis examples, early treatment with antifungal agents was indicated in 100% and 85.9% of responses, respectively, whereas for sepsis with multifocal candidiasis and candiduria associated with pyuria and fever, early treatment was prescribed in only 41.5% and 55.6% of responses, respectively. There were no significant differences in response with regard to degree of training of the physicians surveyed. Fluconazole prescription predominated, mainly at doses of 400 mg/day, in mixed peritonitis, disseminated candidiasis and candiduria, whereas amphotericin B lipid formulations were preferentially indicated in cases of candidemia. Antifungal treatment (early or late) was prescribed in all responses for candidemia, in 95.5% for mixed peritonitis (fungi and bacteria), in 79.5% for multifocal candidiasis in patients with persistent sepsis, and in 77.9% for candiduria with fever and pyuria.

Conclusions

Adherence to recommendations from the consensus conferences was high among intensive medicine specialists, with no differences according to level of training in infectious diseases.

Key words:
Candidemia
Candiduria
Multifocal candidiasis
Candida peritonitis
Antifungal agents
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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