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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 1-4 (October 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 1-4 (October 2008)
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Introducción. Una breve historia del sida
Introduction. A brief history of AIDS
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José Alcamí
Corresponding author
ppalcami@isciii.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Inmunopatologia del Sida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España.
Unidad de Inmunopatología del Sida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
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La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) ilustra cómo el conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la patogenia de un microorganismo puede generar rápidamente nuevos fármacos para el tratamiento de los pacientes infectados. Desde la descripción en 1981 del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (sida) y la identificación de su agente causal en 1983, se han comercializado 23 antirretrovirales pertenecientes a 5 familias. La entrada viral representa una diana preferente de intervención terapéutica pero la obtención de antagonistas frente a los distintos receptores del VIH ha sido un proceso largo y plagado de dificultades. Maraviroc es el primer fármaco antagonista de CCR5 aprobado para uso clínico y representa un hito de gran importancia en el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos contra la infección por el VIH. Maraviroc es un fármaco novedoso y diferente del resto de antirretrovirales debido a la peculiaridad de su mecanismo de acción y a que es el primer antirretroviral dirigido a una diana celular. En esta monografía se analizan distintos aspectos del tratamiento con maraviroc: mecanismo de acción, toxicidad, eficacia, mecanismos de resistencia y su papel en el contexto del tratamiento antirretroviral del paciente infectado por el VIH.

Palabras clave:
Entrada viral
Antirretrovirales
Investigación transnacional
Maraviroc

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection shows that knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis can lead to the rapid development of new drugs to treat infected patients. Since the description of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981 and the identification of its causal agent in 1983, twenty-three antiretrovirals, belonging to 5 families, have been marketed. The viral entry point is one of the preferred therapeutic treatment targets, but the development of antagonists against the different HIV receptors has been a long process and fraught with difficulties. Maraviroc is the first CCR5 antagonist drug approved for clinical use and represents a milestone in the development of new treatments against HIV infection. Maraviroc is a novel drug and different from the rest of the antiretrovirals due to the special characteristics of its mechanism of action and is also the first antiretroviral directed towards a cell target. The different aspects of treatment with Maraviroc are analysed in this article; mechanism of action, toxicity, efficacy, resistance mechanisms, and its role in the context of antiretroviral treatment of the HIV infected patient.

Key words:
Viral entry
Antiretrovirals
International research
Maraviroc
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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