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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Meningitis neonatal por Enterococcus spp.: presentación de cuatro casos
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 443-447 (November 2002)
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 443-447 (November 2002)
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Meningitis neonatal por Enterococcus spp.: presentación de cuatro casos
Neonatal meningitis due to Enterococcus spp.: presentation of four cases
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J. Rafael Bretóna,1
Corresponding author
breton_raf@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. JR. Bretón. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Avda. Gaspar Aguilar, 90. 46017 Valencia. España.
, Vicente Pesetb, Francisco Morcilloc, Julia Canod, Antonio Sarrióne, Carmen Pérez-Bellesd, Miguel Gobernadod
a Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia
b Servicio de Neurología. Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
c Servicio de Pediatría. Sección de Neonatología. Hospital Infantil La Fe. Valencia
d Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
e Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Organismo Público Valenciano de Investigación. Valencia
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Fundamento

La meningitis por enterococo es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente ya que representa entre el 0,3-4% de diferentes series de meningitis bacteriana. En recién nacidos se comunica con muy poca frecuencia en la literatura médica. Además, la meningitis enterocócica neonatal presenta características que la diferencian significativamente de la meningitis por enterococo en otros grupos de edad, especialmente los adultos.

Pacientes y métodos

Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de cuatro recién nacidos en los que se obtuvo el diagnóstico de meningitis por microorganismos del género Enterococcus. Dos niños fueron recién nacidos prematuros y otros dos a término. Tres neonatos padecieron una sepsis precoz y el restante una sepsis tardía. Los factores de riesgo en los recién nacidos incluyeron fiebre materna intraparto en un caso y prematuridad en dos casos con estancia prolongada en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales con procedimientos invasores y tratamientos antibióticos previos en uno de ellos. En el cuarto caso no habían factores de riesgo aparentes. Enterococcus faecalis fue la causa de la meningitis en tres casos y Enterococcus faecium en uno. Ninguno de los enterococos fue resistente a vancomicina. Los tratamientos antibióticos incluyeron ampicilina y combinaciones de ampicilina y cefotaxima, ampicilina y amicacina, vancomicina y gentamicina. No hubo mortalidad entre nuestros casos.

Conclusiones

Los enterococos son una causa poco frecuente de meningitis bacteriana, aunque los recién nacidos parecen especialmente susceptibles. La evolución clínica parece ser favorable con un tratamiento bactericida adecuado.

Palabras clave:
Enterococcus
Meningitis
Neonato
Aim

Enterococci are unusual etiologic agents of bacterial meningitis and account for only 0.3-4% of all cases. Neonatal enterococcal meningitis, which is rarely reported in the medical literature, presents characteristics that are significantly different from enterococcal meningitis affecting other age groups, particularly adults.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of four newborns diagnosed with enterococcal meningitis in our center. Two were premature and two were term infants. Three were affected with early-onset meningococcal sepsis and one with late-onset sepsis. Risk factors for infection included intrapartum maternal fever in one case and prematurity in two cases, with prolonged stay in the neonatal intensive care unit and application of invasive procedures, and prior antibiotic treatment in one of infant. There were no apparent risk factors in the fourth case. Enterococcus faecalis was the causal agent in three cases and Enterococcus faecium in one. None of the enterococci were vancomycin-resistant. Antibiotic treatment included ampicillin and combinations of ampicillin and cefotaxime, ampicillin and amikacin, and vancomycin and gentamicin. None of the patients died.

Conclusions

Enterococci rarely cause bacterial meningitis, though newborns seem more susceptible to this infection. With adequate bactericidal therapy, clinical outcome appears to be generally favorable.

Key words:
Enterococcus
Meningitis
Neonate
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Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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