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La neumonía nosocomial es una de las primeras causas de infección nosocomial. Aunque su incidencia es más elevada en los enfermos intubados, alrededor de la mitad de los casos se produce en las áreas de hospitalización convencional. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios en este ámbito, por lo que la mayoría de los datos procede de series hospitalarias que incluyen a enfermos sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Las diferencias epidemiológicas entre los enfermos intubados y los ingresados fuera de las unidades de cuidados intensivos sugieren que la etiología y la actitud terapéutica no son totalmente equiparables en ambos grupos. En el siguiente artículo se revisa la epidemiología, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la prevención de la neumonía nosocomial en las áreas de hospitalización general.
Palabras clave:
Infección nosocomial
Neumonía nosocomial
Legionella
Unidad de cuidados intensivos
Hospital-acquired pneumonia is one of the main causes of nosocomial infection. Although its incidence is higher in intubated patients, around half of all cases occur outside the intensive care unit (ICU). However, few studies have been performed in this setting and consequently most data come from hospitalized series that include patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The epidemiological differences between intubated patients and non-ICU patients suggest that the etiology and therapeutic approach differ between these two groups. The present article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in general wards.
Key words:
Nosocomial infection
Hospital-acquired pneumonía
Legionella
Intensive Care Unit
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