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La aparición progresiva de cepas de microorganismos grampositivos resistentes a los antibacterianos de primera línea ha motivado la búsqueda de nuevas moléculas (quinolonas, estreptograminas, oxazolidinonas, cetólidos, glucopéptidos, daptomicina) que aumenten el arsenal terapéutico disponible. Linezolid es el primer representante comercializado de la familia de las oxazolidinonas, y se ha mostrado efectivo frente a cepas multirresistentes de microorganismos grampositivos (Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina, S. aureus con sensibilidad disminuida a los glucopéptidos, Enterococcus spp. resistente a vancomicina, Streptococcus pneumoniae con sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina y cefalosporinas), por lo que se presenta como una nueva opción para el tratamiento de las infecciones por estos microorganismos. En este trabajo se revisan los aspectos microbiológicos y farmacológicos de este fármaco con el fin de ubicarlo en la terapéutica antimicrobiana.
Palabras clave:
Linezolid
Oxazolidinonas
Resistencia en grampositivos
Terapia antimicrobiana
The progressive emergence of multi-resistant gram-positive strains has prompted the search for new molecules (quinolones, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, ketolides, glycopeptides, daptomycin) to add to the current therapeutic arsenal. Linezolid, the first commercially available member of the oxazolidinone family, has evidenced activity against multi-resistant gram-positive strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus with decreased glycopeptide sensitivity, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased sensitivity to penicillin and cephalosporins), thereby providing a new option for treating infections by these microorganisms. This work reviews the microbiologic and pharmacologic aspects of this agent in order to establish its position among the available options for antimicrobial chemotherapy
Key words:
Linezolid
Oxazolidinones
Gram-positive resistance
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
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