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Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 70-73 (December 2011)
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Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 70-73 (December 2011)
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Peculiaridades del manejo de la infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido de pacientes pediátricos
Special considerations in the management of cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
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José Rumbaoa,
Corresponding author
jrumbao@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Esteban Fraucab
a UGC de Pediatría y Especialidades, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
b Servicio de Hepatología y Trasplante Hepático Pediátrico, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Madrid, España
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Resumen

En el paciente pediátrico, el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad por citomegalovirus (CMV) postrasplante es la ausencia de inmunidad específica frente al virus en el período pretrasplante. La infección por CMV ha disminuido su importancia en niños receptores de trasplante de órgano sólido (TOS) debido, fundamentalmente, a la disponibilidad de técnicas sensibles para su diagnóstico, al desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y a la posibilidad de instaurar tratamientos antivirales efectivos. Tanto las técnicas de PCR como de antigenemia pp65 han demostrado su eficacia diagnóstica y de seguimiento de la infección por CMV en niños. Sin embargo, en algunos tipos de trasplante, como en el trasplante pulmonar, la infección por CMV continúa representando un importante factor de riesgo de mortalidad o retrasplante en los pacientes D+/R–. Se recomienda la profilaxis frente al tratamiento anticipado con ganciclovir seguido de valganciclovir hasta completar una duración de la profilaxis de entre 3 y 6 meses. En el tratamiento de la enfermedad por CMV se recomienda el empleo de ganciclovir hasta obtener un resultado negativo de PCR o antigenemia pp65 realizados con periodicidad semanal. La duración total del tratamiento, tanto en los casos de síndrome viral como de enfermedad de órgano, será igual a la establecida en el adulto. Se podría considerar completar el período de tratamiento sustituyendo el ganciclovir intravenoso por tratamiento oral en algunos niños mayores y adolescentes.

Palabras clave:
CMV
Pediatría
Trasplante
Tratamiento
Profilaxis
Abstract

In pediatric patients, the main risk factor for the development of post-transplantation cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the absence of specific immunity to the virus in the pretransplantation period. CMV infection has become less of a problem in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients mainly due to the availability of sensitive diagnostic techniques, the development of prevention strategies, and the possibility of starting effective antiviral treatments. Both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques and pp65 antigenemia have proved to be effective in the diagnosis and monitoring of children with CMV infection. However, in some types of transplantation, such as lung transplantation, CMV infection continues to be an important risk factor for mortality or retransplantation in D+/R–1 patients. Prophylaxis with ganciclovir followed by valganciclovir for between 3 and 6 months is recommended over preemptive therapy. In the treatment of CMV disease, the use of ganciclovir is recommended until a negative weekly result of PCR or pp65 antigenemia is obtained. The total duration of treatment, both in viral syndrome and organ disease, is the same as in adults. Treatment can be completed by substituting intravenous ganciclovir for oral treatment in older children and adolescents.

Keywords:
CMV
Pediatrics
Transplantation
Treatment
Prophylaxis
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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