Article information
Abstract
The major objectives of tuberculosis (TB) control are to reduce morbidity and mortality via an early and appropriate treatment of the disease, to prevent carriers of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus from transmitting it to others, and to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTB) sufferers from progressing to the disease. To achieve these objectives, it is imperative to start an appropriate, effective antituberculosis treatment as early as possible, as well as identify contacts of the infected TB patient and others at risk of LTB progressing to TB, in order to establish an appropriate treatment for them. Here we review the bases for treating TB and LTB infections, including those produced by strains resistant to anti-TB drugs.
Keywords:
Tuberculosis
Latent tuberculosis infection
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
Antituberculosis treatment
Resumen
El objetivo del control de la tuberculosis (TB) es reducir su morbilidad y mortalidad mediante el tratamiento precoz y adecuado de la enfermedad, la prevención de la transmisión de Mycobacterium tuberculosis desde personas bacilíferas y la prevención de la progresión a enfermedad de personas con infección latente tuberculosa (ILT). Para alcanzar estos objetivos se requieren el inicio precoz y la correcta cumplimentación de un tratamiento antituberculoso efectivo, y la identificación de contactos de pacientes con TB infectante y de otras personas con ILT con riesgo de progresar a enfermedad tuberculosa para establecer el tratamiento adecuado de estas personas. Revisamos las bases del tratamiento de la TB y de la ILT, incluyendo las producidas por cepas resistentes a los fármacos antituberculosos.
Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Infección latente tuberculosa
Tuberculosis extensamente resistente
Tuberculosis multirresistente
Tratamiento antituberculoso
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