metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Profilaxis de la infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante intestinal
Journal Information
Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 60-64 (December 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 60-64 (December 2011)
Full text access
Profilaxis de la infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante intestinal
Prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection in intestinal transplantation
Visits
3031
Pilar Martín-Dávilaa, Jesús Fortún-Abetea,
Corresponding author
fortunabete@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Rafael San Juanb
a Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
b Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
This item has received
Article information
Resumen

Los receptores de trasplante intestinal constituyen un grupo de alto riesgo para presentar enfermedad por citomegalovirus (CMV), debido a características específicas del injerto y a la intensa inmunosupresión celular que condicionan las terapias de inducción inmunosupresora en este tipo de trasplantes. La forma más frecuente de enfermedad por CMV es la enteritis del injerto, cuyo diagnóstico no es siempre sencillo dado que la antigenemia para CMV es frecuentemente de bajo grado o negativa, y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos pueden confundirse con los del rechazo. La inmunohistoquímica o la detección mediante biología molecular en las biopsias colónicas facilitan el diagnóstico. Las recomendaciones actuales del manejo preventivo de la enfermedad por CMV se basan en experiencias puntuales y opiniones de expertos dado que no hay estudios de calidad diseñados específicos en este tipo de receptores de trasplante. En general se prefiere la profilaxis universal frente a CMV en estos pacientes inicialmente con ganciclovir intravenoso y, posteriormente, con valganciclovir vía oral de forma prolongada durante un mínimo de 6 meses, si bien dicha profilaxis puede prolongarse hasta 1 año, según el tipo de tratamiento inmunosupresor del paciente. Varios grupos utilizan además inmunoglobulina específica anti-CMV.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante intestinal
Citomegalovirus
Profilaxis
Abstract

Intestinal transplant recipients are at high risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease due to the specific characteristics of the graft and the intense cellular immunosuppression caused by immunosuppressive induction therapy in this type of transplantation. The most frequent form of CMV disease is graft enteritis. Diagnosis of this entity is not always straightforward given that antigenemia for CMV is frequently low grade or negative and the pathological findings can be confused with those of rejection. Diagnosis is aided by immunohistochemistry or molecular biological detection in biopsies of the colon. Current recommendations for the preventive management of CMV disease are based on sporadic experiences and expert opinion, given the lack of specifically-designed, high-quality studies in this type of transplant recipient. In general, universal prophylaxis against CMV is preferred in these patients, initially with intravenous ganciclovir and subsequently with oral valganciclovir for a minimum of 6 months, although this prophylaxis can be prolonged for up to 1 year depending on the type of immunosuppressive therapy used. Several groups also use CMV-specific immunoglobulin.

Keywords:
Intestinal transplant
Cytomegalovirus
Prophylaxis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
T.M. Fishbein.
Intestinal transplantation.
N Engl J Med, 361 (2009), pp. 998-1008
[2.]
K.M. Abu-Elmagd, G. Costa, G.J. Bond, K. Soltys, R. Sindhi, T. Wu, et al.
Five hundred intestinal and multivisceral transplantations at a single center: major advances with new challenges.
Ann Surg, 250 (2009), pp. 567-581
[3.]
A.G. Tzakis, T. Kato, S. Nishida, D.M. Levi, P. Tryphonopoulos, J.R. Madariaga, et al.
Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) combined with tacrolimus in intestinal and multivisceral transplantation.
Transplantation, 75 (2003), pp. 1512-1517
[4.]
K.M. Abu-Elmagd, G. Costa, G.J. Bond, T. Wu, N. Murase, A. Zeevi, et al.
Evolution of the immunosuppressive strategies for the intestinal and multivisceral recipients with special reference to allograft immunity and achievement of partial tolerance.
Transpl Int, 22 (2009), pp. 96-109
[5.]
T.M. Fishbein, S. Florman, G. Gondolesi, T. Schiano, N. LeLeiko, A. Tschernia, et al.
Intestinal transplantation before and after the introduction of sirolimus.
Transplantation, 73 (2002), pp. 1538-1542
[6.]
G.V. Mazariegos, R.H. Squires, R.K. Sindhi.
Current perspectives on pediatric intestinal transplantation.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 11 (2009), pp. 226-233
[7.]
A.Y. Peleg, S. Husain, E.J. Kwak, F.P. Silveira, M. Ndirangu, J. Tran, et al.
Opportunistic infections in 547 organ transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal CD-52 antibody.
Clin Infect Dis, 44 (2007), pp. 204-212
[8.]
G.V. Mazariegos, D.E. Steffick, S. Horslen, D. Farmer, J. Fryer, D. Grant, et al.
Intestine transplantation in the United States, 1999–2008.
Am J Transplant, 10 (2010), pp. 1020-1034
[9.]
J.P. Fryer.
The current status of intestinal transplantation.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant, 13 (2008), pp. 266-272
[10.]
A.J. Eid, R.R. Razonable.
New developments in the management of cytomegalovirus infection after solid organ transplantation.
[11.]
P.J. Morris, N.K. Russell.
Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H): a systematic review in organ transplantation.
Transplantation, 81 (2006), pp. 1361-1367
[12.]
C. Loinaz, T. Kato, S. Nishida, D. Weppler, D. Levi, L. Dowdy, et al.
Bacterial infections after intestine and multivisceral transplantation. The experience of the University of Miami (1994–2001).
Hepatogastroenterology, 53 (2006), pp. 234-242
[13.]
R. SanJuan.
Complicaciones infecciosas en el trasplante intestinal: experiencia española con receptores infantiles y adultos.
1er Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Trasplantes,
[14.]
Y. Avitzur, D. Grant.
Intestine transplantation in children: update 2010.
Pediatr Clin North Am, 57 (2010), pp. 415-431
[15.]
S. Kusne, R. Manez, B.L. Frye, K. St eorge, K. Abu-Elmagd, J. Tabasco-Menguillon, et al.
Use of DNA amplification for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus enteritis after intestinal transplantation.
Gastroenterology, 112 (1997), pp. 1121-1128
[16.]
S.P. Horslen.
Optimal management of the post-intestinal transplant patient.
Gastroenterology, 130 (2006), pp. S163-S169
[17.]
A. Humar, D. Snydman.
Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant, 9 (2009), pp. S78-S86
[18.]
C.N. Kotton, D. Kumar, A.M. Caliendo, A. Asberg, S. Chou, D.R. Snydman, et al.
International consensus guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplantation.
Transplantation, 89 (2010), pp. 779-795
[19.]
A. Pascher, S. Kohler, P. Neuhaus, J. Pratschke.
Present status and future perspectives of intestinal transplantation.
Transpl Int, 21 (2008), pp. 401-414
[20.]
A. Humar, Y. Lebranchu, F. Vincenti, E.A. Blumberg, J.D. Punch, A.P. Limaye, et al.
The efficacy and safety of 200 days valganciclovir cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high-risk kidney transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant, 10 (2010), pp. 1228-1237
[21.]
A.R. Mueller, A. Pascher, K.P. Platz, F. Braun, F. Fandrich, N. Rayes, et al.
Immunosuppression following intestinal transplantation.
Transplant Proc, 36 (2004), pp. 325-328
[22.]
W. Vaudry, R. Ettenger, P. Jara, G. Varela-Fascinetto, M.R. Bouw, J. Ives, et al.
Valganciclovir dosing according to body surface area and renal function in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Transplant, 9 (2009), pp. 636-643
[23.]
J. Bueno, C. Ramil, M. Green.
Current management strategies for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric transplant recipients.
Paediatr Drugs, 4 (2002), pp. 279-290
[24.]
J.F. Spivey, D. Singleton, S. Sweet, G.A. Storch, R.J. Hayashi, C.B. Huddleston, et al.
Safety and efficacy of prolonged cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir in pediatric and young adult lung transplant recipients.
Pediatr Transplant, 11 (2007), pp. 312-318
[25.]
FDA Drug Safety Communication: New dosing recommendations to prevent potential Valcyte (valganciclovir) overdose in pediatric transplant patients. 15-9-2011. Ref Type: Internet Communication.
Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos