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Las quinolonas actúan inhibiendo enzimas (topoisomerasas) indispensables en la síntesis del ADN. Tienen una actividad bactericida que depende de la concentración. Su espectro se ha ido ampliando, sobre todo desde la introducción de un átomo de flúor en la posición 6 (fluoroquinolonas)
Se usan en una gran variedad de infecciones como tratamiento de elección o alternativo, tanto a nivel hospitalario como extrahospitalario. Según el compuesto se emplean en infecciones del tracto urinario, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, osteomielitis crónica, infecciones del tracto respiratorio e infecciones sistémicas graves, entre otras
El surgimiento y extensión de resistencia a quinolonas ha limitado su uso en algunos casos y puede condicionarlo en el futuro en otros. Existen estrategias para minimizar la extensión de la resistencia. Son bien toleradas y seguras. Los efectos adversos más frecuentes se observan a nivel gastrointestinal y del sistema nervioso central
Palabras clave:
Quinolonas
Fluoroquinolonas
Agentes antimicrobianos
Revisión
Quinolones
Quinolones act by inhibiting enzymes (topoisomerases), which are indispensable to DNA synthesis. Their bactericidal activity is concentration-dependent. Their spectrum has become broader, especially since the introduction of a fluorine atom at position 6 (fluoroquinolones)
They are used as the treatment of choice or as alternative therapy in a wide variety of infections, both in the hospital and non-hospital setting. Depending on the compound, they are used in urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, chronic osteomyelitis, respiratory tract infections, and severe systemic infections, among others
The upsurge and extent of quinolone resistance has limited the use of these agents in some cases and in future may determine their use in others. There are strategies to minimize the spread of resistance. Quinolones are safe and well tolerated. The most frequent adverse effects are gastrointestinal and those affecting the central nervous system
Key words:
Quinolones
Fluoroquinolones
Antimicrobial agents
Review
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