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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Robert Koch tenía razón. Hacia una nueva interpretación de la terapia con tub...
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Vol. 24. Issue 6.
Pages 385-391 (July 2006)
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Vol. 24. Issue 6.
Pages 385-391 (July 2006)
Artículo especial
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Robert Koch tenía razón. Hacia una nueva interpretación de la terapia con tuberculina
Robert Koch was right. Towards a new interpretation of tuberculin therapy
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Pere J. Cardona
Corresponding author
pcardona@ns.hugtip.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. P.J. Cardona. Unidad de Tuberculosis Experimental. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol. Ctra. del Canyet, s/n. 08916 Badalona. Barcelona. España.
Unidad de Tuberculosis Experimental. Servicio de Microbiología. Fundació Institut per a la Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. España
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Con motivo del centenario de la concesión del premio Nobel a Robert Koch, se vuelve a considerar un fracaso el tratamiento de la tuberculosis con tuberculina anunciado en Berlín, en 1890. Sin embargo, hoy en día hay información suficiente para suponer que esta terapia fue ampliamente utilizada hasta la segunda mitad del siglo xx, por lo que se debería estudiar su contribución en el declive de la mortalidad por tuberculosis experimentado en este período. Además, la terapia con tuberculina ha inspirado al menos dos nuevas inmunoterapias, aunque buscando precisamente el efecto contrario: la supresión del fenómeno de Koch. Así, la inoculación de Mycobacterium vaccae polariza la respuesta inmunitaria hacia el tipo Th1; y la inoculación de RUTI evita la inmunodepresión local después de una quimioterapia de corta duración, sin inducir toxicidad.

Por esta razón, es necesaria una relectura de la contribución de Robert Koch a la terapia contra la tuberculosis, y un justo reconocimiento de su labor.

Palabras clave:
Inmunoterapia
Tuberculina
Robert Koch
Mycobacterium vaccae
RUTI
Historia

At the centenary of Robert Koch's Nobel Prize award, tuberculosis treatment with tuberculin, which was announced in Berlin in 1890, is still considered a failure. Nevertheless, there is now sufficient information supporting the idea that tuberculin therapy was widely used until the second half of the twentieth century; thus, the impact of this treatment should be studied and related to the decrease in tuberculosis-related mortality recorded in that period.

Moreover, tuberculin therapy has inspired at least two new immunotherapies; these, however, were directed toward precisely the opposite effect: suppression of the Koch phenomenon. Thus, inoculation of Mycobacterium vaccae polarizes the immune response towards the Th1 type; and inoculation of RUTI avoids local immunodepression after short-term chemotherapy without inducing toxicity.

For this reason, Robert Koch's work on antituberculosis therapy should be reread and proper recognition given to his contribution in this field.

Key words:
Inmunoterapia
Tuberculina
Robert Koch
Mycobacterium vaccae
RUTI
Historia
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Copyright © 2006. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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