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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Update: sepsis and septic shock
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 58-66 (January 2007)
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 58-66 (January 2007)
“Update on infectious diseases”
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Update: sepsis and septic shock
Actualización: sepsis y shock séptico
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3252
Mercedes Palomara,
Corresponding author
mepalomar@terra.es

Correspondence: Dra. M. Palomar. Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Paseo Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. Spain.
, Rafael Cantonb, Juan de Dios Colmeneroc, Emili Díazd, Pilar Marcoe, Pedro Olaecheaf, Miguel Sánchezg, Jordi Vilah, Rafael Zaragozai, Francisco Gudiolj
a Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. Spain
b Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Spain
c Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Hospital Carlos Haya. Málaga. Spain
d Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Juan XXIII. Tarragona. Spain
e Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu. S. Sebastian. Guipúzcoa. Spain
f Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Galdakano. Bilbao. Bizkaia. Spain
g Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Alcalá de Henares. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. Spain
h Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. Spain
i Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos. Hospital Peset. Valencia. Spain
j Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. Spain
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Severe sepsis and septic shock are common causes of death in intensive care units (ICU). The incidence of sepsis has been increasing over the past two decades, and is expected to continue rising during the next few years. Despite the fact that we know much about the complex pathophysiologic alterations that occur in severe sepsis and septic shock, patients with sepsis remain at a high risk of death. However, in the last few years, new treatment strategies have significantly improved patient outcome. This article reviews nine major studies published during 2004 and 2005: two deal with incidence rates, distribution of pathogens and trends in antibiotic resistance among ICU patients with sepsis; two discuss selected aspects of antibiotic therapy, the usefulness of combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients and the impact of empirical treatment in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections; two consider the usefulness of risk assessment in the management of sepsis and the importance of dynamic clinical evolution of critically ill patients with infection. The remaining three studies analyze adjunctive therapy in severe sepsis: the effect of an intensive glucose-management protocol on the outcome of critically ill patients; the evaluation of relative adrenal insufficiency and the variability of cortisol plasma concentrations over a 24-hour period; and the use of Drotrecogin alfa (Activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death.

Key words:
Sepsis
Septic Shock
Nosocomial infections
Management

La sepsis grave y el shock séptico son causas frecuentes de fallecimiento en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La incidencia de sepsis se ha incrementado durante los 2 últimos decenios y se considera que lo va a seguir haciendo durante los próximos años. A pesar de que actualmente poseemos mucha más información acerca de las complejas alteraciones fisiopatológicas que tienen lugar en la sepsis grave y en el shock séptico, los pacientes con sepsis siguen presentando un elevado riesgo de muerte. Sin embargo, durante los últimos años la introducción de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas ha mejorado significativamente el pronóstico de estos pacientes. En este artículo se revisan nueve estudios de gran envergadura publicados en 2004 y 2005: en dos de ellos se abordan las tasas de incidencia, la distribución de los patógenos y las tendencias en la resistencia frente a los antibióticos en los pacientes con sepsis atendidos en la UCI; en otros dos artículos se exponen diversos aspectos seleccionados del tratamiento antibiótico, la utilidad del tratamiento de combinación en los cuadros de sepsis que presentan los pacientes inmunocompetentes y el impacto del tratamiento empírico en los cuadros de sepsis causados por Pseudomonas aeruginosa; en otras dos publicaciones se consideran la utilidad de la evaluación del riesgo en el tratamiento de la sepsis y la importancia de una evaluación clínica dinámica en los pacientes con infección y en situación clínica crítica. En los tres estudios restantes se analiza el tratamiento complementario en la sepsis grave: el efecto de un protocolo de control intensivo de la glucemia sobre la evolución de los pacientes en situación clínica crítica; la evaluación de la insuficiencia suprarrenal relativa y de la variabilidad de las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol durante un período de 24 horas, y el uso de drotrecogina alfa (activada) en los adultos con sepsis grave y riesgo bajo de muerte.

Palabras clave:
Sepsis
Shock séptico
Infecciones nosocomiales
Tratamiento
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Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
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