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Se revisa la situación actual de las vacunas antimeningocócicas. Por una parte, las vacunas polisacáridas simples frente a los serogrupos A, C, Y y W-135 y, por otra, las polisacáridas conjugadas a distintos transportadores proteicos, monovalentes o multivalentes. Respecto a las vacunas frente a Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo B, se analizan las experiencias basadas en las proteínas de membrana externa y su uso en el control de brotes epidémicos, y las expectativas de una vacuna universal que se podrían alcanzar con las técnicas de vacunología inversa.
Palabras clave:
Meningococo
Vacunas
Polisacáridos
Proteínas externas
Vacunología inversa
The present article reviews the state of the art on vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis, from plain polysaccharide to mono- and multivalent protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines targeting A, C, Y and W-135 serogroups. We also review immunization against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis using protein-based vaccines composed of outer membrane vesicles and their use in the control of epidemic outbreaks, as well as expectations of a universal vaccine, which could be achieved with reverse vaccinology techniques.
Key words:
Meningococcus
Vaccines
Polysaccharides
Outer proteins
Reverse vaccinology
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