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Vol. 26. Issue S1.
Vacunas: presente y futuro
Pages 56-64 (January 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S1.
Vacunas: presente y futuro
Pages 56-64 (January 2008)
Vacunas: presente y futuro
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Vacunas combinadas
Combined vaccines
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13284
Fernando A. Moraga Llopa,
Corresponding author
fmoraga@acmcb.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F.A. Moraga Llop. Doctor Roux, 103, ático. 08017 Barcelona. España.
, Josep Marès Bermúdezb
a Área Pediátrica. Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
b Institut Pediàtric Marès-Riera. Blanes. Girona. España
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Las vacunas combinadas son las que contienen antígenos que pertenecen a 2 o más microorganismos; se conocen hace ya 60 años, desde que en 1948 se autorizó la vacuna DTP. La disponibilidad de vacunas combinadas facilita aumentar el número de antígenos en los calendarios de inmunizaciones sistemáticas, con un menor número de inyecciones y una mayor aceptación por parte del personal sanitario y de la población, y permite obtener mejores coberturas vacunales. A pesar del importante aumento del número de vacunas sistemáticas administradas a los niños (en los últimos 100 años se ha pasado de 1 a 14 vacunas), la cantidad de componentes antigénicos no sólo no ha aumentado, sino que ha disminuido (de 200 en 1903, a 130 en 2007), al obtenerse vacunas cada vez más purificadas. El aumento creciente del número de vacunas en los calendarios de inmunizaciones en los últimos años ha hecho progresar la investigación y el desarrollo de vacunas combinadas. A partir de la vacuna trivalente DTP, en las formas DTPe y DTPa, se han desarrollado 2 grupos de vacunas combinadas, y en la actualidad se dispone de tetravalentes, pentavalentes y una hexavalente con DTPa. Hay un tercer grupo de vacunas combinadas en cuya composición no está la vacuna DTP. Finalmente, hay que destacar una vacuna heptavalente, en la que se añade a una de las pentavalentes (DTPe-HB-Hib) las vacunas conjugadas para el meningococo A y C; esta vacuna se ha presentado en marzo de 2007 a la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos para los países del «cinturón de la meningitis».

Palabras clave:
Vacunas combinadas
Coadministación de vacunas
Calendarios vacunales
Vacunas combinadas con DTP
Vacuna hexavalente
Vacuna heptavalente
Vacunas combinadas sin DTP

Combined vaccines contain antigens belonging to two or more microorganisms; these vaccines have existed for the last 60 years, ever since the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine was authorized in 1948. The availability of combined vaccines helps to increase the number of antigens in immunization schedules, with a lower number of injections and greater acceptance by health workers and the general population. Furthermore, these vaccines improve vaccination coverage. Despite the substantial increase in the number of systematic vaccines administered to children (increasing in the last 100 years from 1 to 14 vaccines), the quantity of antigenic components has not only not increased but has actually decreased (from 200 and 1903 to 130 in 2007) due to the availability of increasingly purified vaccines. The upward trend in the number of vaccine immunization schedules in the last few years has stimulated research and development into combined vaccines. Based on the trivalent DTP vaccine, either whole-cell DTP or DTaP, two groups of combined vaccines have been developed and tetravalent, pentavalent and hexavalent forms are currently available with DTPa. There is a third group of combined vaccines that does not contain the DTP vaccine. Finally, there is a heptavalent vaccine in which the conjugate vaccines for meningococcus A and C are added to one of the pentavalent vaccines (whole cell DTP-HB-Hib); this vaccine was presented in March 2007 to the European Medicines Agency for countries in the meningitis belt.

Key words:
Combined vaccines
Vaccine coadministration
Vaccination calendars
Combined vaccines with DTP
Hexavalent vaccine
Heptavalent vaccine
Combined vaccines without DTP
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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