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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (English Edition) The current status of arboviruses with major epidemiological significance in Eur...
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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 516-526 (November 2024)
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Vol. 42. Issue 9.
Pages 516-526 (November 2024)
Review article
The current status of arboviruses with major epidemiological significance in Europe
Perspectiva actual de los arbovirus de mayor significación epidemiológica en Europa
Fernando de la Calle-Prietoa,b,
Corresponding author
fcalle.prieto@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, Marta Arsuagaa,b, Graciela Rodríguez-Sevillac, Nancy Sandoval Paizd, Marta Díaz-Menéndeza,b
a National Referral Unit for Imported Diseases and International Health, High Level Isolation Unit, La Paz-Carlos III-CB University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
b CIBERINFEC, Spain
c Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III-CB University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
d Internal Medicine-Infectious Diseases MSc, Tropical Parasitic Diseases, Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala City, GT, United States
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Cases of West Nile virus infection in the European Union (EU), including probable and confirmed autochthonous human cases, following the EU case definition (Commission Decision 2008/426/EC).23,24
Table 2. Cases of Usutu virus (USUV) infection with neuroinvasive disease in the European Union (EU).24,25
Table 3. Summary of the present situation of the most relevant vaccines and treatments for arboviral infections.32–51
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Abstract

Currently, an increasing impact of some arboviruses has been observed in Europe, mainly Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV) analyzed through a One Health perspective that considers their expansion across the continent. Arboviruses are primarily transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks, with human activities and climate change playing crucial roles in their spread. The review highlights the ecological and epidemiological aspects of arboviruses, emphasizing the roles of diverse hosts and reservoirs, including humans, animals, and vectors, in their life cycles. The influence of climate change on the ecology of the vector, which potentially favors the arbovirus transmission, is also reviewed. Focusing on diagnosis, prevention and in the absence of specific treatments, the importance of understanding vector–host interactions and environmental impacts to develop effective control and prevention strategies is emphasized. Ongoing research on vaccines and therapies is crucial to mitigate the public health impact of these diseases.

Keywords:
Arboviruses
Transmission
Treatment
Vaccine
Diagnosis
Resumen

Actualmente se ha observado un impacto creciente de algunos arbovirus en Europa, principalmente, dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), zika (ZIKV), virus de la fiebre del Nilo Occidental (WNV) y el virus de la fiebre hemorrágica de Crimea-Congo (CCHFV) analizando su expansión por el continente desde una perspectiva del concepto «Una Salud». Los arbovirus se transmiten principalmente por vectores como mosquitos y garrapatas, teniendo las actividades humanas y el cambio climático una influencia crucial en su propagación. Esta revisión destaca los aspectos ecológicos y epidemiológicos de los arbovirus, enfatizando la importancia de huéspedes y reservorios, incluyendo humanos, animales y vectores, en sus ciclos. También se revisa la influencia del cambio climático en la ecología del vector, favoreciendo la transmisión de estos virus. Centrándose en el diagnóstico, la prevención y ante la ausencia de tratamientos específicos, se subraya la importancia de comprender las interacciones vectoriales y los impactos ambientales para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de control. La investigación en curso sobre vacunas y terapias es crucial para mitigar el impacto en la salud pública de estas enfermedades.

Palabras clave:
Arbovirus
Trasmisión
Tratamiento
Vacuna
Diagnóstico

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