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Inicio Enfermería Clínica Identificación de pacientes hospitalizados con riesgo nutricional al ingreso va...
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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 175-183 (May - June 2023)
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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 175-183 (May - June 2023)
ORIGINAL
Identificación de pacientes hospitalizados con riesgo nutricional al ingreso valorado con la Nutritional Risk Screening
Identification of hospitalized patients with nutritional risk at admission assessed with the Nutrition Risk Screening
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Gemma Robleda-Fonta,b,
Corresponding author
gemma.robleda@sjd.edu.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Mariona Victòria-Moix-Gómezc, Cristina Serrano-Herrerad, Gemma Navarro-Canod
a Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu Fundació, Barcelona, España
b Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Barcelona, España
c Clínica Corachan. Unitat Docent de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
d Departamento de Dietética y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la prevalencia de riesgo nutricional en el ingreso hospitalario de pacientes adultos y analizar su asociación con factores sociodemográficos y clínicos de los pacientes.

Método

Estudio transversal, analítico y prospectivo realizado a pacientes del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona entre noviembre y diciembre de 2018, durante las primeras 48 h de ingreso hospitalario. Para detectar la desnutrición se utilizó la Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002). Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos (edad, sexo), clínicos (diagnóstico de ingreso, unidad y comorbilidades) y antropométricos (peso, talla e IMC). La asociación entre la NRS y los factores de estudio se estimó mediante un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultado

Se incluyeron 285 pacientes con una edad media de 69,6 años (DS 15), de los cuales, 56,5% (161) tenían ≥ 70 años. La prevalencia de riesgo de desnutrición en el ingreso hospitalario era de 35,1% (IC 95%: 29,8-41,1%), siendo 15,9 veces mayor en pacientes con una estancia previa en cuidados intensivos (OR 15,90; 1,82-139,11: p 0,012); 10,35 veces mayor en pacientes neumonía severa (OR 10,35; 2,48-41,91: p 0,004) y 5,6 veces mayor en pacientes con AVC (OR 5,63; 1,71-18,53: p 0,004).

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de riesgo nutricional al ingreso era elevada y factores como la neumonía severa, el AVC y los ingresos previos en UCI se asociaron a mayor riesgo de desnutrición. Sin embargo, los hallazgos de este estudio deben interpretarse con cautela debido a las limitaciones de los criterios de gravedad de la Nutritional Risk Screening y a las características de la población estudiada.

Palabras clave:
Riesgo de desnutrición
Cribado nutricional
Valoración nutricional
Prevalencia
Abstract
Objective

To determine the prevalence of nutritional risk in the hospital admission of adult patients and to analyze its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors of the patients.

Method

Cross-sectional, analytical and prospective study carried out on patients at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona between November and December 2018, during the first 48 hours of hospital admission. The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) was used to detect malnutrition. Sociodemographic (age, sex), clinical (admission diagnosis, unit and comorbidities) and anthropometric (weight, height and BMI) data were collected. The association between the NRS and the study factors was estimated using a logistic regression model.

Result

285 patients with a mean age of 69.6 years (SD 15) were included, of which 56.5% (161) were ≥ 70 years. The prevalence of risk of malnutrition on hospital admission was 35.1% (95% CI: 29.8%-41.1%), being 15.9 times higher in patients with a previous stay in intensive care (OR 15 .90, 1.82-139.11: p 0.012); 10.35 times higher in patients with severe pneumonia (OR 10.35; 2.48-41.91: p 0.004) and 5.6 times higher in patients with stroke (OR 5.63; 1.71-18.53: p 0.004).

Conclusions

The prevalence of nutritional risk at admission was high and factors such as severe pneumonia, stroke and previous ICU admissions were associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. However, the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the severity criteria of the Nutrition Risk Screening.

Keywords:
Nutritional risk
Nutritional screening
Nutritional assessment
Prevalence

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