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Inicio Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) Falls in older persons living alone: the role of individual, social and environm...
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Vol. 32. Issue 6.
Pages 396-404 (November - December 2022)
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Vol. 32. Issue 6.
Pages 396-404 (November - December 2022)
Original Article
Falls in older persons living alone: the role of individual, social and environmental factors
Caídas en personas mayores que viven solas: el papel de los factores individuales, sociales y medioambientales
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Isabel Lagea, Fátima Bragaa, Manuela Almendraa, Filipe Menesesa,b,c, Laetitia Teixeirad,e, Odete Araujoa,f,g,
Corresponding author
odete.araujo@ese.uminho.pt

Corresponding author.
a School of Nursing, University of Minho, Portugal
b School of Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal
c Centro de Computação Gráfica, Guimarães, Portugal
d Algoritmi Research Centre, University of Minho, Portugal
e Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
f CINTESIS-Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
g Health Sciences Research Unit, Nursing (UICISA E: UMinho), Portugal
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Abstract
Objective

To identify the prevalence and the risk factors of falling in older people (65+) living alone.

Method

This is a descriptive and transversal study which included 186 participants, aged 65+ living alone in community-dwelling.

Results

The prevalence of falls was 80.1% (95% CI 74.1–85.8). Considering the last 3 months, the prevalence of falls reduced to 22.2% (95% CI 17.5–29.9) and the number of falls reported was 2.4 (sd = 2.1). Most falls were accidental (n = 74, 59.7%), followed by dizziness (n = 15, 12.1%) and almost 50% occurred in the morning (n = 53, 45.3%). Considering the local where the falls occurred, 70 (57.4%) were at home (36.1% inside and 21.3% outside), 41 on the street (33.6%) and only 11 (9.0%) in a public place (4.1% inside and 4.9% outside). After the fall, 30.9% of the participants changed daily life after an event.

Conclusions

Falls among older adults is a multifactorial problem that requires integrated and multiprofessional interventions. Older age, living alone in an urban area, with insufficient resources, reduced physical activity and a poor self-perception are factors associated with a higher risk of falling. Similarly, older people who have difficulty standing, sitting and rising from a chair, as well as being hypertensive and taking a high number of medications are associated with a high risk of falling. Future research should develop and emphasize more national studies to confirm these results.

Keywords:
Older adults living alone
Falls
Prevention
Profile
Resumen
Objetivo

Identificar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de las caídas de las personas mayores (+65 años) que viven solas.

Método

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal que incluyó a 186 participantes, de 65 años o más, que vivían solos en una vivienda comunitaria.

Resultados

La prevalencia de caídas fue del 80,1% (IC 95%: 74,1–85,8). Considerando los últimos 3 meses, la prevalencia de caídas se redujo al 22,2% (IC 95% 17,5–29,9) y el número de caídas reportadas fue de 2,4 (de = 2,1). La mayoría de las caídas fueron accidentales (n = 74, 59,7%), seguidas de los mareos (n = 15, 12,1%), y casi el 50% se produjo por la mañana (n = 53, 45,3%). Considerando el lugar donde se produjeron las caídas, 70 (57,4%) se produjeron en casa (36,1% en el interior y 21,3% en el exterior), 41 en la calle (33,6%) y sólo 11 (9,0%) en un lugar público (4,1% en el interior y 4,9% en el exterior). Tras la caída, el 30,9% de los participantes modificó su vida cotidiana como resultado de la misma.

Conclusiones

Las caídas entre los adultos mayores son un problema multifactorial que requiere intervenciones integradas y multiprofesionales. La edad avanzada, el hecho de vivir solo en una zona urbana con recursos insuficientes, la reducción de la actividad física y la mala percepción de uno mismo son factores asociados a un mayor riesgo de caídas. Del mismo modo, las personas mayores que tienen dificultades para permanecer de pie, sentarse y levantarse de una silla, además de ser hipertensas y tomar un elevado número de medicamentos, están asociadas a un alto riesgo de caídas. Las investigaciones futuras deberán desarrollar y enfatizar más estudios nacionales para confirmar estos resultados.

Palabras clave:
Adultos mayores que viven solos
Caídas
Prevención
Perfil

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