Letter to the Editor
Importance of semantic studies in cross-cultural adaptation and validation of measurement instruments in Health Sciences
Importancia de los estudios semánticos en la adaptación transcultural y validación de instrumentos de medida en Ciencias de la Salud
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Therefore, the purpose of this letter is to briefly outline five reasons why it is important to consider semantics in the measurement of some clinical variables, as it seems to be an undervalued and underrepresented field.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firstly, semantic studies are important because through them it is possible to determine what is and what is not the object of study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> They make it possible, therefore, to define the meaning of the variables to be measured to differentiate it from other similar variables.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondly, they allow greater precision when operationalising the variable, which leads to greater consistency between the concept, its dimensions, indicators and, therefore, in the items.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thirdly, these studies help achieve conceptual and item equivalence,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> which is extremely important in cross-cultural studies as it will enable us to explore whether a variable and its items have the same degree of representativeness, acceptability, or valuation in different populations.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fourth, they allow for more accurate translation of a variable when scales, questionnaires or inventories are adapted. For example, the translation of the words bereavement and grief is "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">duelo</span>"; however, the former refers to losing a loved one, while the latter would refer to the feelings of grief generated by such a loss. Therefore, they are not synonyms and their use should be differentiated.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, semantic studies are important because they would prevent misuse, abuse, and confusion of terminology in professional language, and result in consensus on certain concepts.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, semantic research studies are important because they provide clarity with respect to a variable of interest in order to define and differentiate it, which implies better operationalisation of the variable and, consequently, greater precision in measurement, especially when psychometric tests are constructed or adapted. In addition, they facilitate consensus on confusing or indistinctly used terms.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No specific funding has been received for this research study from public sector agencies, the commercial sector, or non-profit organisations.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author has no conflict of interest to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Sánchez-Villena AR, de La Fuente-Figuerola V, Ventura-León J. Importancia de los estudios semánticos en la adaptación transcultural y validación de instrumentos de medida en Ciencias de la Salud. Enferm Clin. 2021;31:126–127.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Procrastinación académica en estudiantes de enfermería. Adaptación española de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Brando-Garrido" 1 => "J. Montes-Hidalgo" 2 => "J.T. Limonero" 3 => "M.J. Gómez-Romero" 4 => "J. 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