Nursing care
Care and treatment of peristomal gangrenous pyoderma. A study of three cases
Cuidados y tratamiento del pioderma gangrenoso periestomal. A propósito de tres casos
Leticia Julve-Herraiz
, Francisco Villalba-Ferrer, María José García-Coret, Blai García-Costa
Corresponding author
Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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A study of three cases" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "120" "paginaFinal" => "125" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Leticia Julve-Herraiz, Francisco Villalba-Ferrer, María José García-Coret, Blai García-Costa" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Leticia" "apellidos" => "Julve-Herraiz" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "leticia.jhe@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Villalba-Ferrer" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María José" "apellidos" => "García-Coret" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Blai" "apellidos" => "García-Costa" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cuidados y tratamiento del pioderma gangrenoso periestomal. A propósito de tres casos" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 883 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 240263 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A, C, E) Anfractuous peristomal ulcers, with raised, purplish borders. (B) Case 1 with healing of PGP after six months. (D) Case 2 with healing of PGP after 10 months. (C) Case 3 with healing of PGP after nine months.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PGP: peristomal gangrenous pyoderma.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gangrenous pyoderma (GP) is an inflammatory skin disease of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis, with pathergy phenomenon having been described in 16.3% of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A rare variant is peristomal gangrenous pyoderma (PGP), with an incidence in abdominal surgery with ostomies of 0.6%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is associated with systemic disease in 86% of cases, with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (17.6%) being the most frequent, and solid neoplasm the rarest (7.4%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PGP may be confused with skin infection, abscess, contact dermatitis, peristomal irritation or peristomal cutaneous extension of an IBD, with a multidisciplinary assessment being recommendable (surgeons, dermatologists and stoma therapist).</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For diagnosis of PGP compliance of similar diagnostic criteria to those described by Hugues et al.:<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> are recommended: (1) the presence of progressive, painful peristomal ulcer with purplish border and shaped like a crater, with spongy holes or scars; (2) exclusion of other ulceration causes through culture and biopsy (e.g. infection, vasculitis, malignancy, cutaneous IBD; (3) dermatological diagnosis of PGP.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Local treatment includes cleaning of the ulcers, topical treatment with clobetasol propionate, acetonide triamcinolone or tacrolimus injections (level of evidence II<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> with scaled administration and collecting devices with minimum possible trauma to avoid pathergy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,5–9</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with no response to local therapies or with associated disease activity systemic treatments with glucocorticoids, cyclosporine or infliximab are required.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the scarcity of literature on PGP associated with colorectal cancer, we present three cases with comments on the most relevant aspects.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they had the informed consent of the participants and that data confidentiality has been guaranteed.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Development</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Case 1</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 61-year-old man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoker, in treatment with salbutamol. He was operated on for rectal cancer, with abdominoperineal amputation with left colostomy eight years previously, and with a Karnofsky index of 90.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient presented with a peristomal hernia, for which an eventroplasty with mesh was performed. Ten days later a peristomal ulceration was observed with disproportionate pain and as a result treatments were carried out every 24 h following a care plan, using the taxonomies of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), the nursing outcomes classification (NOC) and the nursing intervention classification (NIC) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cleaning of the ulcer was performed using physiological saline solution, 2% aqueous eosin was used as antiseptic, ostomy paste for levelling irregular edges and ostomy powder to protect the skin. A two piece bag was fitted for the stoma.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ulcer progressed (7 cm) and after 28 days, following biopsy, microbiology and multidisciplinary assessment (stoma therapies, surgeon and dermatologist) the patient was diagnosed with PGP (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Healing initially required debridement with collagenase ointment and later a local treatment with clobetasol propionate of .5 mg/g every 24 h for two months, with no improvement, and which was therefore replaced by injectable triamcinolone acetonide at 40 mg/mL every 15 days. Recovery was complete after six months (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B). Neither tacrolimus nor systemic therapy were used.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Case 2</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 61 year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism and hepatitis B. She was operated on for colon neoplasm and hepatic metastasis with ileostomy in right iliac fossa and mesh in mid-laparotomy. She received preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy (CT) (FOLFIRI and cetuximab) for pulmonary progression, with a Karnofsky index of 60.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninety days later the patient presented with a painful peristomal ulceration, and treatment was carried out every 24 h according to a care plan (NANDA, NOC and NIC) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physiological saline solution was used for cleaning the stoma and lavage solution (purified water, .1% undecylenamidopropyl betaine, .1% polyhexanide) for the ulcer with. 2% aqueous eosin was used as antiseptic, alginate for exudative phase, ostomy paste for levelling irregularities, ostomy powder for skin protection and a two piece bag for the stoma.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The progressive ulcer (20 cm) continued being in the mesh. Thirty days after the biopsy, microbiology and multidisciplinary assessment, PGP was diagnosed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C).</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firstly, local treatment was initiated with clobetasol propionate at .5 mg/g every 24 h with no improvement after two months, passing onto tacrolimus .1% every 24 h without obtaining relief over two months and, finally, 40 mg/mL every 15 days of triamcinolone acetonide was prescribed, combined with systemic treatment with 30 mg/24 h of oral prednisolone with recovery after 10 months (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>D).</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Case 3</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 56-year-old woman with no history of interest. In CT (FOLFOX + bevacizumab) due to neoplasm in the sigma with peritoneal implants and hepatic metastasis with a Karnofsky index of 60. She underwent emergency surgery with loop colostomy on rod in left hypochrondrium. Eight days later she presented with painful ulcerous wounds in the decubitus region of the rod, initiating postoperative CT 14 days after surgery. Healing treatments were carried out every 24 h after drawing up a care and healing plan (NANDA, NOC and NIC) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Healing treatments required local anaesthesia (1% lidocaine) due to intense pain. Physiological saline solution was used for cleaning, 2% aqueous eosin as antiseptic, alginate in the exudative phase of the ulcer, ostomy paste for levelling irregularities, ostomy powder for skin protection and a two-piece bag for the stoma.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ulcer progressed (9 cm) and after 45 days, following biopsy, microbiology and multidisciplinary assessment the patient was diagnosed with PGP (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>E).</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Local treatment was initially administered, with clobetasol propionate of .5 mg/g every 24 h for 30 days, with no improvement. Following this, .1% tacrolimus was administered every 24 h for 45 days and as progression persisted, injectable triamcinolone acetonide at 40 mg/mL every 15 days was administered, combined with 30 mg/24 h oral prednisolone for two months.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After six months and on failure to respond to treatment, the patient was operated on with resection of the primary tumour and metastasis, relocating a new ileostomy in the right iliac fossa with no complications. Recovery form PCP was complete after nine months (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>f).</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first patient, ulceration began when the stoma underwent trauma from the eventroplasty and in case three this began in the stoma rod support region. As a result, both could be associated with a pathergy phenomenon.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Colostomy in patients one and three facilitated care and cures, since the bowel content is thicker and less corrosive than in the ileostomy (case two).</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cleaning of the ulcerous would was carried out with physiological saline solution (cases one and three) or with a lavage solution(purified water, 0.1% undecylenamidopropyl betaine, 0.1% polyhexanide) (case two) the use of which is controversial and has not proven to have better results than other electrolytic solutions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the problems in treatments is pain. The third patient, required local anaesthesia in addition to oral analgesics.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathergy phenomenon contraindicates surgical debridement of ulcers,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,7</span></a> which was why in case one we used proteolysis ointments, controlling interaction with other treatments and avoiding instrumental trauma.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To avoid microtrauma when changing bags, we used two piece ostomy bags, changing the ostomy wafer every 24 h with the treatments.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Topical clobetasol propionate was used in the three cases with no clinical improvement of the PGP.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Intralesional injection with triamcinolone acetonide was used in the three patients. It was effective in the first patient alone, and in the second when combined with oral prednislone.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature describe greater healing with topical tacrolimus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,7</span></a> than with local corticoids, but we used them in cases two and three with no improvement.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The third patient was refractory to local therapy and systemic corticotherapy. Infliximab was not used due to the possibility of tumour progression and surgical treatment was necessary with maintenance of systemic therapy for achieving a cure.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surgical treatment of PGP is a contested issue due to the pathergy, but when combined with immunosuppressant therapy recurrence is lowered. When stoma closure is performed instead of relocation, recovery from PGP is frequent.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PGP prognosis improves if there is early treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,7,8</span></a> In the described cases treatment was delayed and we believe this did not favour prognosis.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study may be used to aid suspicion of PGP, using early treatment guidelines, preventing pathergy and morbidity. Randomised prospective studies would be required on treatment, sequencing and care of these patients. A national level register could clarify real prevalence, causes and unification of care.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusions</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">PGP is a complication of unknown origin which on rare occasions is linked to colorectal cancer.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is an under-diagnosed pathology that requires multidisciplinary assessment for differential diagnosis since its diagnosis is clinical and biopsy with culture only serves to rule out other pathologies.</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment includes local, systemic guidelines, the combination of both and even surgery but there is no clearly defined therapeutic algorithm and prospective and randomised studies are therefore required.</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The application of NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomy serves to unify the follow-up and care of these patients, improving care. It also serves to promote PGP knowledge in nursing professionals.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Financing</span><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1481872" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349317" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1481873" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349316" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Development" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Case 1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Case 2" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Case 3" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Financing" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-01-15" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-11-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349317" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Gangrenous pyoderma" 1 => "Peristomal gangrenous pyoderma" 2 => "Colorectal carcinoma" 3 => "Stoma" 4 => "Case study" 5 => "Nursing care" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1349316" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Pioderma gangrenoso" 1 => "Pioderma gangrenoso periestomal" 2 => "Cáncer colorrectal" 3 => "Estoma" 4 => "Estudio de casos" 5 => "Cuidados de enfermería" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Peristomal gangrenous pyoderma is an inflammatory skin disease with progression to painful ulcer, rare, and rarely associated with colorectal carcinoma.</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Its diagnosis is differential since it can be confused with skin infection, abscess, contact dermatitis, peristomal irritation or peristomal skin extension of an inflammatory bowel disease.</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We present three cases of patients operated for colorectal carcinoma with an intestinal stoma, who developed peristomal gangrenous pyoderma.</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A plan of local care and dressings was developed using the NANDA, NOC and NIC taxonomies.</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Stoma care and fitting of collecting devices were performed with saline solution, paste, ostomy powders and a two-piece bag.</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For the basic local treatment, physiological serum or washing solution was used for wound cleaning, aqueous eosin (2%), alginate in the exudative phase, and collagenase ointment in the presence of slough/necrosis.</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Specific local treatment (clobetasol propionate, tacrolimus, or triamcinolone acetonide infiltration) and systemic treatment (corticosteroid therapy) was given sequentially after the diagnosis of peristomal gangrenous pyoderma depending on the clinical response to each treatment.</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Case 1 resolved at six months with a good response to local triamcinolone infiltration. Case 2 resolved at 10 months after local infiltration with triamcinolone and oral prednisolone. Case 3 had no response to local treatments or systemic corticosteroid therapy, healing after tumour and metastatic excision with relocation of the stoma at nine months.</p></span>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El pioderma gangrenoso periestomal (PGP) es una enfermedad inflamatoria de la piel con evolución a úlcera dolorosa, muy poco frecuente, que rara vez se asocia con el carcinoma colorrectal.</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Su diagnóstico es diferencial puesto que puede confundirse con una infección de la piel, absceso, dermatitis de contacto, irritación periestomal o la extensión cutánea periestomal de una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presentan tres casos de pacientes intervenidos por carcinoma colorrectal con estoma intestinal, que desarrollaron PGP.</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se elaboró un plan de cuidados y curas locales, empleando las taxonomías de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), la clasificación de resultados de enfermería (NOC) y la clasificación de las intervenciones enfermeras (NIC).</p><p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los cuidados del estoma y la adecuación de dispositivos colectores se realizaron con suero fisiológico, pasta, polvos de ostomía y bolsa de dos piezas.</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para el tratamiento local básico se utilizó suero fisiológico o la solución de lavado para la limpieza de herida, eosina acuosa (2%), alginato en fase exudativa y pomada con colagenasa en presencia de necrosis esfacelos.</p><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento local específico (clobetasol propionato, tacrólimus o infiltración de triamcinolona acetónido) y sistémico (corticoterapia) se efectuó de forma secuencial tras el diagnóstico de PGP en función de la respuesta clínica a cada terapia.</p><p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El primer caso se resolvió a los seis meses con buena respuesta a la infiltración local de triamcinolona. El segundo se recuperó a los 10 meses tras infiltración local con triamcinolona y prednisolona oral. El tercero no tuvo respuesta a los tratamientos locales ni a la corticoterapia sistémica, curándose después de la exéresis tumoral y metastásica con reubicación del estoma a los nueve meses.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Julve-Herraiz L, Villalba-Ferrer F, García-Coret MJ, García-Costa B. Cuidados y tratamiento del pioderma gangrenoso periestomal. A propósito de tres casos. Enfermería Clínica. 2021;31:120–125.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 883 "Ancho" => 1750 "Tamanyo" => 240263 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A, C, E) Anfractuous peristomal ulcers, with raised, purplish borders. (B) Case 1 with healing of PGP after six months. (D) Case 2 with healing of PGP after 10 months. (C) Case 3 with healing of PGP after nine months.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PGP: peristomal gangrenous pyoderma.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NANDA: North American Nursing Diagnosis Association; NIC: nursing intervention classification; NOC: nursing outcome classification.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NANDA diagnostics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NOC result \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">NIC intervention \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00046 – Impaired skin integrity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1102 – Wound healing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3660 – Wound care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Assessment and recording of the wound at each treatment//24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Healing treatment with aseptic technique and according to procedure /24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Cleaning of the wound (saline solution, lavage solution<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Exudative (alginate) wound management \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Debridement: chemical when possible (colagenase) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Application of local stipulated treatment/24 h (.5 mg/g clobetasol propionate, .1% tacrolimus or 40 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-2 piece bag in every treatment/24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00047 – Risk for impaired skin integrity risk \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1101 – Tissue integrity: skin and mucous membranes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3584 – Skincare \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Monitoring of the skin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Use of protective agents (powder, paste) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Use of 2 piece bag \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00004 – Risk of infection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1924 – Risk control: infectious process \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6540 – Infection control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Instruct patient/family on signs and symptoms of infection and when carer should be notified \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Assessment and recording of wound at each treatment/24 h \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Carry out treatment with aseptic technique \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Use of antiseptics (2% aqueous eosin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Debridement: chemical when possible (collagenase) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Use of local or systemic antibiotics depending on culture \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00132 – Pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1605 – Pain management \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1400 – Pain management \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Assess pain characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Use of prescribed analgesia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Administration of gradual systemic analgesia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Local anaesthesia in treatments (1% lidocaine) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00182 – Readiness for enhanced self-care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1615-Ostomy self-care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1800 – Self-care help \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Provide help until the patient is totally able to take on self-care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00126 – Deficient knowledge \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1814 – Knowledge: treatment procedures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3660 – Wound care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6540 – Infection management \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3584 – Skin care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1813 – Knowledge of therapeutic regime \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5616 – Medication education \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Control the guideline with the patient, taking of prescribed medication and side effects (oral 30 mg/24 h predinsolone) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1805 – Knowledge of the disease \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5602 – Knowledge of treatment procedure: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Explore with the patient what they have already done to control symptoms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Comment on lifestyle changes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Comment on evolution, prognosis and treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1829 – Knowledge: ostomy care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0480 – Ostomy care \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Instruct patient in the use of ostomy equipment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Apply an adaptable ostomy (2 part) device \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Observe stoma healing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Change ostomy bag, if required \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Instruct patient to monitor presence of possible complications \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Instruct patient/carer about appropriate diet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00118 – Body image disorder \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1200 – Body image \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5220 – Body image enhancement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Observe whether the patient can look at the body part that has suffered the change \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Help the patient to identify actions which enhance their appearance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00153 – Risk of low self-esteem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1205 – Self-esteem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5400 – Self-esteem enhancement \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Reinforce the personal strengths that the patient identifies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Convey confidence in patient’s ability to handle situation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Assist patient to find self-acceptance \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">00146 – Anxiety \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1402 – Anxiety control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5820 – Anxiety reduction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Education: procedure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Medication control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Explore evolution with patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Distraction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">-Facilitate outpatient regime treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2550181.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Lavage solution: purified water, 0.1% undecylenamidopropyl betain, 0.1% polyhexanide.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NANDA diagnostics with corresponding NOC, NIC and activities performed.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Underlying systemic diseases in pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K. Kridin" 1 => "A.D. Cohen" 2 => "K.T. Amber" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s40257-018-0356-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Dermatol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "479" "paginaFinal" => "487" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721816" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Management of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L.S. Poritz" 1 => "M.A. Lebo" 2 => "A.D. Bobb" 3 => "C.M. Ardell" 4 => "W.A. 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