Users’ opinion from a telerehabilitation platform to prescribe exercise therapy: A qualitative approach

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"apellidos" => "Buesa-Estéllez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Palomares" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Brandín-de la Cruz" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nbrandin@usj.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Jiménez-Sánchez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." 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"apellidos" => "Calvo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Opinión de los usuarios de una plataforma de telerrehabilitación para prescribir ejercicio terapéutico: un enfoque cualitativo" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1862 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 369041 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "HEFORA interface." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia>IntroductionThe use of digital health technologies has exponentially increased in the last years. This use covers a wide range of tools, as well as support systems which seems to have the potential to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and quality of care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">1</a>The rehabilitation program should start as soon as possible and be intensive and prolonged during the recovery phase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">2</a> Telerehabilitation, defined as the delivery of rehabilitation services via technologies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">3</a> meet those needs, reducing hospitalization time while ensuring continuity of care and reducing costs. Moreover, telerehabilitation has been an useful alternative in rural areas, who are confined to their home, or who have any mobility problems, amongst others.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">2</a>It can provide more accessible and effective rehabilitation especially for people with long term rehabilitation needs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">4</a> A significant increase in the number of patients treated by telerehabilitation has been observed,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">2</a> a fact that was accentuated during the COVID-19 pandemic when many digital health tools became a necessity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">1</a>Research suggests if part of the rehabilitation can be automated, this would allow many patients to be followed-up remotely in a more cost-effective way. These features could make physiotherapists more efficient in following a greater number of patients, as well as allowing the patients to ensure their access to therapy,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">5</a> and improve their adherence to treatment,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">6,7</a> including that of the elderly people.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a>Telerehabilitation is effective and comparable to conventional physiotherapy treatments in musculoskeletal disorders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">9</a> In neurological disorders, rehabilitation through serious games, presented better improvements, compared to conventional treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">10</a> However, telerehabilitation programs may be some limitations in implementation among age groups less familiar with emerging technologies or in defining the appropriate patient-based physiotherapy program.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">11</a>Qualitative research has started to investigate how telerehabilitation is experienced from the perspective of both patients and professionals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">12</a> This strategy allows to delve into the experiences and constructs of different types of users within their health context.Previous studies reported that the attitude of health care professionals, their perspectives and the recognition of the potential barriers are essential for the adoption of the telerehabilitation systems.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">13</a> To the authors’ knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the opinion of future professionals and patients to know the facilitators and barriers that a telerehabilitation system may have.Therefore, the aim of this article is to qualitatively analyze the perspective about the use of a web platform for the prescription of exercise therapy that two different types of users have: (1) 4th year students of the Degree in Physiotherapy (hereinafter, future professionals), and (2) the patients view.Materials and methodsStudy designA qualitative descriptive study was conducted, taking into account The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR), and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Approval was obtained from the University Review Board Committee for the approach explained (registration N°008-18/19).ParticipantsTo carry out this qualitative study, an exercise therapy prescription asynchronous web platform, which is accessible via <a href="http://www.hefora.net/">www.hefora.net</a> (HEFORA, Fisio Consultores, Zaragoza, Spain), was used. Exercise therapy was presented in the form of an explanatory video with a specific description (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The sample consisted of two focus groups: (1) 4th year physiotherapy students (future professionals) and (2) technical and administrative staff (patients), both from the university where the study was conducted. Participants were informed about the study and signed an informed consent form.The inclusion criteria for the future professionals were: (1) to be in the 4th year of the Degree in Physiotherapy, (2) have enrolled in the Clinical Internship subject, and (3) to have passed their intra-curricular internships. The exclusion criteria for the future professionals were: (1) have previous experience with the platform to be tested. The abandonment criteria were: (1) not being able to attend the focus groups, (2) not having used the platform during the duration of the study to carry out the subsequent qualitative analysis, and (3) to express their desire to not continue in the study.The inclusion criteria for patients were: (1) to have any musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder, elbow/forearm, wrist/hand, and cervical and lumbar regions that can be treated, (2) to have attended an assessment session prior to receiving a prescription for exercise therapy through the platform. The exclusion criteria for patients were: (1) have previous experience with the platform to be tested, (2) to have a specific problem that requiring face-to-face treatment. The abandonment criteria were: (1) not being able to attend the focus groups, (2) not using the platform, (3) not following the exercise therapy prescribed, (4) not attending the initial physiotherapy assessment session, and (5) to express their desire to not continue in the study.Sample sizeThe sample size was large enough to obtain a variety of perspectives and small enough to avoid becoming cluttered or fragmented (between 6 and 12 participants).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">14</a> In this case, the sample size was conditioned by the selection criteria, since the realization of a focus group of users and another of physiotherapists covered the variety of perspectives of both profiles on the use of the platform. Thus, data saturation and the ability to obtain new information were reached.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">15</a>RecruitmentTwo researchers conducted the recruitment of participants for the two focus groups. A non-probability technique of convenience or purposive sampling was used, selecting accessible participants whose experiences were required for the study. The recruitment of the future professionals was based on their voluntary participation, whereas patients were recruited by email sent by the human resources department, thus fulfilling all employee data protection rights.ProcedureAll patients were received by SC at the beginning of the study to carry out the initial physiotherapy assessment session (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>) to perform the subsequent personalized prescription of exercise therapy. The development of these sessions was individualized and lasted two weeks.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The future professionals who participated in the study tested the platform for two weeks without prior explanations of how it worked, to assess how intuitive it was for them. All of them used the platform individually to favor a heterogeneous discussion during the subsequent development of the focus groups.Data collectionThe data collection consisted of conducting two focus groups, one for each type of user, with a question guide (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>), to obtain information on the topics of specific interest. The questions were developed based on sociodemographic aspects of the participants; knowledge of the future physiotherapists; importance of exercise therapy and ideas related to the handling of the application, the options it offers, as well as its points of improvement. The focus groups were conducted by SC as moderator and NBC taking notes for transcripts. The structured interviews were conducted in a meeting room at university and were recorded with a camera and a voice recorder. They were transcribed and coded to ensure the anonymity of the participants.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Data analysisA thematic analysis was used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230">16</a> The inductive coding of the transcripts was performed separately for both focus groups. Systematic Text Condensation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">17</a> was used to progress the elaboration from units of meaning to groups of thematic codes, and finally to themes. No software was used for this data analysis. The analysis was conducted by two researchers. Each one analyzed the content of a group, and then a peer review process was carried out, to name the codes and themes in a similar way. Finally, the rest of the researchers participated in the triangulation of the data and the opinions of both focus groups came together to have a global vision on the use of the platform.Methodological rigorTo control the quality, several procedures were followed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">18</a> To ensure reliability, the transcripts were inspected, followed by a previously established correct protocol in which the coding of specific parts was reviewed. There was also continuous communication between the team members, and we sought to present well-defined and described topics. To maintain validity, different procedures were carried out with (1) the informants (2), the triangulation process and (3) the researchers.In the case of the informants, we tried to avoid the social desirability bias and report the study properly during the data collection,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">19</a> favoring a relationship of trust and a relaxed and comfortable environment with tact and respect when asking the users to obtain the necessary information (indirect questions, ask for examples, relating it to the context, etc.). After that, the preliminary results were verified with some of the informants. We identified that the study works with and for the community (with: giving voice to participants in this specific context; and for: introducing strategies for change and improvement of clinical practice). Regarding the triangulation process, it was carried out in the research team of researchers during data analysis and also by means of peer checking, as well as triangulation by methods, using the support of quantitative research to discuss the results obtained. From the researcher's perspective, a bracketing method was carried out, incorporating the process of reflection previously to add this more interpretive part at the end of the descriptive results.ResultsA total of 14 participants were recruited at baseline, 8 future professionals and 6 patients. There was a dropout in the group of future professionals due to the inability to participate in the focus groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). The first focus groups lasted one hour and sixteen minutes while the second focus groups lasted one hour and forty minutes. Descriptive results: Responding to the question, how has your experience been after using the platform? Three general themes emerged, in which the different opinions from future professionals and patients were collected: (1) rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation, (2) navigating the platform, and (3) strengths and points to be improved on the platform.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitationPatients expressed the physiotherapist work as important. Some patients described their previous experience with the prescription of exercise therapy to be performed at home: “I go to the physio, and he prescribes me home exercises, but I don’t do them.” Patient-751 (44-year-old).The patients also spoke about the use of new technologies as a secondary tool, understood as a complement to therapy: “I think that as a complementary method it is very good but always as something additional, not a substitute for the physio.” Patient-251 (44-year-old).On the other hand, future professionals defined this type of tool as a secondary one, which could serve as a complement to physiotherapy. Future professionals consider these types of tools useful, but never a professional substitute: “It is clear that you are not going to replace the physiotherapist, using this tool can be interesting, it depends on how it is used.” Participant-228 (22-year-old).Future professionals spoke about the difficulties they might encounter with the use of the platform depending on the type of patients and their pathologies, such as with elderly people: “For the elderly, I don’t know… I would not send them to be alone in their house watching a video, it seems to me that it can be dangerous.” Participant-852 (23-year-old).Future professionals showed different opinions about whether they would use the exercise therapy prescription web platform within their clinics: “It is a very interesting platform, but I see the exercise therapy as manual, personal and using technology would be breaking that.” Participant-869 (21-year-old).“I will use it for the prescription, but only as a complement to my consultations.” Participant-805 (27-year-old).Navigating the platformRegarding the design of the platform, patients agreed that it was intuitive, well presented, and simple to use: “Basic, but in a good way.” Patient-166 (43-year-old).“I find that it is easy and friendly, intuitive and that it is simple to use.” Patient-744 (43-year-old).For the future professionals, the platform was declared intuitive and a pleasant interface: “It is quite intuitive to use, and it is better than having nothing to do exercises at home for patients.” Participant-852 (23-year-old).Regarding the design, the part that was least liked was the “anamnesis” due to its difficulty in use: “I did not like the anamnesis part, because it seems complex to fill in; the rest is good.” Participant-29 (22-year-old).Strengths and points to be improved of the web platformPatients highlighted the importance of being able to interact with the physiotherapist through the web platform. They reported that the customization of the prescribed exercise therapy made them aware of the possibilities of the platform: “For me, a strength is being able to interact with my physiotherapist; I have not felt so bad doing the exercises, because I knew that he was there.” Patient-871 (43-year-old).The future professionals emphasized as strengths the importance of the possibility of interacting with patients through the web platform: “To exchange with the patient in a freeway and also that the patient knows what he has to do to improve.” Participant-869 (21-year-old).“For me the prescription part, the access to the videos and the communication are the strongest points of the platform.” Participant-805 (27-year-old).Future professionals and patients gave their opinions on the points for improvement of the platform and proposed the modifications, such as including questionnaires that collect more aspects after carrying out the exercises: “Perhaps the questions are a bit generic. I have not had problems doing the exercises, but I did not know how to reflect my pain on this questionnaire.” Patient-725 (41-year-old).Regarding the problems encountered, the patients described the difficulty they had in practicing some exercises without having previously performed them with a physiotherapist: “It seems to me that it helps, but sometimes doing it before with the physiotherapist is better.” Patient-766 (45-year-old).For future professionals, using telerehabilitation encompasses a problem regarding adherence to treatment, which was addressed insistently: “We prescribe an exercise, and we tell him to watch the video and to do it 3 or 4 times a week, but there is nothing that tells us if the patient has been adhered to the exercises.” Participant-805 (27-year-old).DiscussionThis is the first qualitative study that combines the evaluation from the point of view of future professionals and patients on the use of telerehabilitation. This study found that all participants had a good reception of the telerehabilitation platform but demonstrated doubts about the positive attitude toward its use related to the possible loss of physiotherapist–patient relationship. Based on our findings, three major implications are discussed.Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitationPatients highlighted the importance of the physiotherapist role and considered that a key point of the telerehabilitation could be the implementation of exercise therapy at home. In the focus groups of the future professionals, the web platform to prescribe exercise therapy is considered a choice available to all patients to complement their treatment but never as a replacement of the professionals. These results are in line with those reported by Fernandes et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">12</a> whose respondents highlighted their perception of telerehabilitation being an adjuvant to in-person programs, and not designed to be used solely. However, two recent overview reviews showed positive clinical results of telerehabilitation (especially synchronous telerehabilitation) comparable with conventional rehabilitation to reduce pain and improve physical function in musculoskeletal conditions,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185">7,20</a> and not only as a complement. These findings have been more evident on telerehabilitation of patients with difficulty of movement<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">21,22</a> or pathologies that require a long time of treatment. Aggregated information from 774 patients indicated a moderate effect favoring telerehabilitation over usual care (i.e., in-person program or information packet).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">9</a> Also, in patients with stroke where the authors reported that the telerehabilitation may improve functional capacity, cognitive abilities, and emotional well-being.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">23</a> It should also be noted that the apprehension shown by future professionals seems to be something that has already been studied and that it is mostly due to insufficient preparation, poor confidence, concerns toward a successful therapeutic alliance, and/or lack of guidance and that these, in turn, might influence the acceptance, preferences and needs of their future participants.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">12</a> Familiarity with digital environment and specific training, appears to increase clinicians’ confidence and trust within telerehabilitation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270">24</a>Furthermore, many studies reported that the information and communication technology can support rehabilitation to facilitate the active patient's participation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">4</a> the engagement with healthcare and that it could increase the practice of exercise therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">25</a> Thus, a relevant aspect commented in the focus groups was the need to maintain the physiotherapist relationship through the telerehabilitation platform. Future professionals expressed that telerehabilitation does not replace traditional rehabilitation therapy and that they were worried about its use in the future. In this line, other studies showed synchronous consultations were highlighted to reduce the feeling of distance from clinicians.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">12</a> Also, the importance of physiotherapists’ engagement when a web-based tool is used and how their engagement can influence the patient's engagement and commitment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a> Therefore, this new paradigm should be probably paved from the training of future professionals who can give recommendations on adequate materials to have at home and practical ways to develop discipline and engagement were deemed necessary by the general population.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">12</a>Navigating the platformAll the participants in this study agreed that the telerehabilitation platform had an intuitive user interface and it was easy to use. This finding is in agreement with other telerehabilitation studies on patients with heart failure,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">26</a> patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">22</a> and patients with spinal cord injury,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">21</a> where it was also reported the clarity and ease of use. However, as suggested, it is important to analyze the usability of the telerehabilitation platform to implement improvements, even considering specific usability benchmarking instruments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">27</a> Other studies have suggested that the optimizing usability rates requires of multiple options that are tailored to satisfy diverse participant preferences.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">28</a>Strengths and points to be improved of the web platformThe possibility of customization of the exercise therapy has been a strength of the platform. Patients liked that exercise therapy programs could be individually prescribed remotely, but they were worried about exercise therapy practice without supervision of their physiotherapist. Closer interaction between physiotherapists and patients has been requested by both.Systematic reviews about telerehabilitation have reported the importance of this communication between the patient and the physiotherapist, which is frequently guaranteed by mobile telephone,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250">20</a> as in the platform of the study that it has messaging services.Future professionals highlighted the importance of keeping patients motivated and avoiding dropouts, as well as make the rehabilitation experience more engaging to enhance patients’ compliance in the exercises.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">23</a> Previous literature corroborated that exercise therapy programs carried out through telerehabilitation could promote long-term exercise for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">29</a> anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">22</a> multiple sclerosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">25</a> or even in aging people.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">8</a>On the other hand, an important part of this study was the participation of 4th year students, where the future professionals faced similar contexts in which they would find themselves in real life, which enabled them to acquire both professional and soft skills, as in service-learning projects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">30</a>Limitations and recommendations for future researchOur study is limited to a particular web platform and one only location in a specific timeframe (taking into account that the aim of this study is to test the platform and not to assess the health effects on the participants), and therefore generalization to other settings that might have different characteristics is not possible. Also, given the design, a small sample size was obtained, recruited by convenience, without being probabilistic. It would be interesting to carry out studies with each population separately, increasing the sample size in each of them. Thus, the answers could be more representative. In addition, considering “not following the exercises proposed by the physiotherapists” as an abandonment criteria could also be a limitation, as the reasons for not carrying out the exercises were not assessed. Future research should address some of the cited limitations by covering other apps in other countries, other timeframes and settings. In addition, possible legal and financial barriers to implementation in healthcare organizations should be explored.ConclusionsThis study reports information about the opinion of users of a web platform to prescribe exercise therapy. The web platform was well received as a complement of physiotherapy, but further research in real clinical settings is needed, as well as more qualitative studies to know patients’ opinions and experiences.FundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Institutional review board statementThe study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the San Jorge University Review Committee to carry out the project.Informed consent statementInformed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.Conflict of interestThe authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: P.H. participates as a minority shareholder (<10%) in the company Fisio Consultores SL, which operates the HEFORA platform. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:19 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2267790" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1891238" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2267791" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1891239" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Study design" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Participants" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Sample size" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Recruitment" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Procedure" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Data analysis" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Methodological rigor" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Navigating the platform" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Strengths and points to be improved of the web platform" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Navigating the platform" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0095" "titulo" => "Strengths and points to be improved of the web platform" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0100" "titulo" => "Limitations and recommendations for future research" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0105" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0110" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 14 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0115" "titulo" => "Institutional review board statement" ] 15 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0120" "titulo" => "Informed consent statement" ] 16 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0125" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 17 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack780328" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 18 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2024-01-26" "fechaAceptado" => "2024-09-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1891238" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Physiotherapy" 1 => "Telerehabilitation" 2 => "Exercise therapy" 3 => "Focus groups" 4 => "Qualitative research" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1891239" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Fisioterapia" 1 => "Telerrehabilitación" 2 => "Ejercicio terapéutico" 3 => "Grupo focal" 4 => "Investigación cualitativa" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Background and objectiveExercise therapy is one of the pillars of physiotherapy treatments. The development of new technologies and the growth of the number of people with Internet access open new options to the prescription of exercise therapy. The aim of this study is to analyze qualitatively how telerehabilitation is experienced from the perspective of two different types of users: (1) 4th year students of the Degree in Physiotherapy (future professionals), and (2) patients. Materials and methodsQualitative description research. One focus group for user type was registered. Data were coded and compared, and two researchers independently analyzed the data using a thematic analysis. ResultsThe concept of telerehabilitation versus rehabilitation, the use of the interface (navigating the platform), and the strengths and points to be improved on the platform were the main themes that emerged. These detail users’ opinions and interaction with telerehabilitation and what options telerehabilitation offers. ConclusionsThe study has provided information about the opinion of users of a remote exercise therapy web platform. The application of technologies as a complement to physiotherapy seems to be quite accepted by both future professionals and patients, but further research in real clinical settings must be considered." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Antecedentes y objetivoEl ejercicio terapéutico es uno de los pilares de los tratamientos de fisioterapia. El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías y el crecimiento del número de personas con acceso a internet abre nuevas opciones a la prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cualitativamente la telerrehabilitación desde la perspectiva de dos tipos diferentes de usuarios: 1) estudiantes de cuarto curso del Grado de Fisioterapia (futuros profesionales) y 2) pacientes. Material y métodosInvestigación descriptiva cualitativa. Se registró un grupo focal por cada tipo de usuario. Los datos se codificaron y compararon, y dos investigadores los analizaron de forma independiente mediante un análisis temático. ResultadosTras el análisis surgieron los temas principales: el concepto de telerrehabilitación frente al de rehabilitación; el uso de la interfaz (navegación por la plataforma), y los puntos fuertes y a mejorar de la plataforma. Estos detallan las opiniones y la interacción de los usuarios con la telerrehabilitación y qué opciones ofrece esta. ConclusionesEl estudio ha aportado información sobre la opinión de los usuarios de una plataforma web de ejercicio terapéutico a distancia. La aplicación de las tecnologías como complemento a la fisioterapia parece ser bastante aceptada tanto por los futuros profesionales como por los pacientes, pero deben realizarse nuevas investigaciones en entornos clínicos reales." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1862 "Ancho" => 3175 "Tamanyo" => 369041 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "HEFORA interface." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pain location \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Physiotherapy treatment received during the last 3 months. Cause. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Level of activity measured with the IPAQ (International physical activity questionnaire, short version) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neck \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes, out of pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Low physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Shoulder \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes, out of pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Low physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lower back \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neck and shoulder \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes, out of pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neck \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Low physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">P6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Lower back \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Yes, for prevention \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate physical activity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3684370.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of patients." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Future professionals \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Previous knowledge and telerehabilitation</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you suffer some pathology? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the use of web-platform as a rehabilitation tool? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you practice exercise regularly? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you think virtual monitoring could contribute to the rehabilitation? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Have you ever been to the physiotherapist? How was your experience? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you think it is possible the use of a telerehabilitation platform to prescribe and control exercise therapy? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the prescription of exercise therapy as a treatment? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you think it is easy to process data obtained? Do you think these data are useful? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the use of new technologies as a rehabilitation tool? Do you consider other indications that physiotherapy considers prescribing exercise at home? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the adherence achieved thanks to the rehabilitation platform? \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Platform design, management, and accessibility</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you think the rehabilitation platform is intuitive?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you think the design of the rehabilitation platform is attractive for professionals and patients?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the interface?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you consider that the rehabilitation platform is versatile?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Would you use the rehabilitation platform every day?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Do you know or use similar web-platforms?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the use of smartwatches?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Platform strengths and points to be improved</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What are the strengths of the platform as a rehabilitation tool?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What are the areas for improvement of the telerehabilitation platform?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">What points to be improved are needed?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Would you use the rehabilitation platform after the end of this study?</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Would you recommend the rehabilitation platform to other patients or professionals?</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3684369.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Question guide of focus groups." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Future professionals \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age range (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41–45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21–27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (16.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (83.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3684368.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of participants." ] ] 4 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tb0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATEXTO" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "texto" => array:1 [ "textoCompleto" => "Key points<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•Telerehabilitationis considered complementary to physiotherapist treatment.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Telerehabilitation will not replace the physiotherapist.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Telerehabilitation could promote therapeutic exercise at home.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">•Communication between the patient and the physiotherapist in telerehabilitation.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">•Keeping patients motivated and avoiding dropouts in telerehabilitation.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:30 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "European Observatory Policy Briefs. 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Users’ opinion from a telerehabilitation platform to prescribe exercise therapy: A qualitative approach

Opinión de los usuarios de una plataforma de telerrehabilitación para prescribir ejercicio terapéutico: un enfoque cualitativo

A. Buesa-Estélleza, S. Pérez-Palomaresb,c, N. Brandín-de la Cruza,

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nbrandin@usj.es

Corresponding author.

, C. Jiménez-Sáncheza, P. Herrerob,c, S. Calvob,c

a Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain

b Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain

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            "entidad" => "Faculty of Health Sciences&#44; Universidad San Jorge&#44; Villanueva de G&#225;llego&#44; Zaragoza&#44; Spain"
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          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Physiatry and Nursing&#44; Faculty of Health Sciences&#44; University of Zaragoza&#44; Zaragoza&#44; Spain"
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          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaci&#243;n Sanitaria &#40;IIS&#41; Arag&#243;n&#44; 50830 Zaragoza&#44; Spain"
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            "identificador" => "aff0015"
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        "titulo" => "Opini&#243;n de los usuarios de una plataforma de telerrehabilitaci&#243;n para prescribir ejercicio terap&#233;utico&#58; un enfoque cualitativo"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HEFORA interface&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of digital health technologies has exponentially increased in the last years&#46; This use covers a wide range of tools&#44; as well as support systems which seems to have the potential to improve the efficiency&#44; accessibility&#44; and quality of care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rehabilitation program should start as soon as possible and be intensive and prolonged during the recovery phase&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Telerehabilitation&#44; defined as the delivery of rehabilitation services via technologies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> meet those needs&#44; reducing hospitalization time while ensuring continuity of care and reducing costs&#46; Moreover&#44; telerehabilitation has been an useful alternative in rural areas&#44; who are confined to their home&#44; or who have any mobility problems&#44; amongst others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can provide more accessible and effective rehabilitation especially for people with long term rehabilitation needs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> A significant increase in the number of patients treated by telerehabilitation has been observed&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> a fact that was accentuated during the COVID-19 pandemic when many digital health tools became a necessity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Research suggests if part of the rehabilitation can be automated&#44; this would allow many patients to be followed-up remotely in a more cost-effective way&#46; These features could make physiotherapists more efficient in following a greater number of patients&#44; as well as allowing the patients to ensure their access to therapy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and improve their adherence to treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> including that of the elderly people&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Telerehabilitation is effective and comparable to conventional physiotherapy treatments in musculoskeletal disorders&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In neurological disorders&#44; rehabilitation through serious games&#44; presented better improvements&#44; compared to conventional treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> However&#44; telerehabilitation programs may be some limitations in implementation among age groups less familiar with emerging technologies or in defining the appropriate patient-based physiotherapy program&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Qualitative research has started to investigate how telerehabilitation is experienced from the perspective of both patients and professionals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> This strategy allows to delve into the experiences and constructs of different types of users within their health context&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies reported that the attitude of health care professionals&#44; their perspectives and the recognition of the potential barriers are essential for the adoption of the telerehabilitation systems&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> To the authors&#8217; knowledge&#44; no previous studies have investigated the opinion of future professionals and patients to know the facilitators and barriers that a telerehabilitation system may have&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; the aim of this article is to qualitatively analyze the perspective about the use of a web platform for the prescription of exercise therapy that two different types of users have&#58; &#40;1&#41; 4th year students of the Degree in Physiotherapy &#40;hereinafter&#44; future professionals&#41;&#44; and &#40;2&#41; the patients view&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Study design</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A qualitative descriptive study was conducted&#44; taking into account <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research</span> &#40;SRQR&#41;&#44; and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research</span> &#40;COREQ&#41;&#46; Approval was obtained from the University Review Board Committee for the approach explained &#40;registration N&#176;008-18&#47;19&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Participants</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To carry out this qualitative study&#44; an exercise therapy prescription asynchronous web platform&#44; which is accessible via <a href="http://www.hefora.net/">www&#46;hefora&#46;net</a> &#40;HEFORA&#44; Fisio Consultores&#44; Zaragoza&#44; Spain&#41;&#44; was used&#46; Exercise therapy was presented in the form of an explanatory video with a specific description &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample consisted of two focus groups&#58; &#40;1&#41; 4th year physiotherapy students &#40;future professionals&#41; and &#40;2&#41; technical and administrative staff &#40;patients&#41;&#44; both from the university where the study was conducted&#46; Participants were informed about the study and signed an informed consent form&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria for the future professionals were&#58; &#40;1&#41; to be in the 4th year of the Degree in Physiotherapy&#44; &#40;2&#41; have enrolled in the Clinical Internship subject&#44; and &#40;3&#41; to have passed their intra-curricular internships&#46; The exclusion criteria for the future professionals were&#58; &#40;1&#41; have previous experience with the platform to be tested&#46; The abandonment criteria were&#58; &#40;1&#41; not being able to attend the focus groups&#44; &#40;2&#41; not having used the platform during the duration of the study to carry out the subsequent qualitative analysis&#44; and &#40;3&#41; to express their desire to not continue in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria for patients were&#58; &#40;1&#41; to have any musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder&#44; elbow&#47;forearm&#44; wrist&#47;hand&#44; and cervical and lumbar regions that can be treated&#44; &#40;2&#41; to have attended an assessment session prior to receiving a prescription for exercise therapy through the platform&#46; The exclusion criteria for patients were&#58; &#40;1&#41; have previous experience with the platform to be tested&#44; &#40;2&#41; to have a specific problem that requiring face-to-face treatment&#46; The abandonment criteria were&#58; &#40;1&#41; not being able to attend the focus groups&#44; &#40;2&#41; not using the platform&#44; &#40;3&#41; not following the exercise therapy prescribed&#44; &#40;4&#41; not attending the initial physiotherapy assessment session&#44; and &#40;5&#41; to express their desire to not continue in the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Sample size</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size was large enough to obtain a variety of perspectives and small enough to avoid becoming cluttered or fragmented &#40;between 6 and 12 participants&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In this case&#44; the sample size was conditioned by the selection criteria&#44; since the realization of a focus group of users and another of physiotherapists covered the variety of perspectives of both profiles on the use of the platform&#46; Thus&#44; data saturation and the ability to obtain new information were reached&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Recruitment</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two researchers conducted the recruitment of participants for the two focus groups&#46; A non-probability technique of convenience or purposive sampling was used&#44; selecting accessible participants whose experiences were required for the study&#46; The recruitment of the future professionals was based on their voluntary participation&#44; whereas patients were recruited by email sent by the human resources department&#44; thus fulfilling all employee data protection rights&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Procedure</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were received by SC at the beginning of the study to carry out the initial physiotherapy assessment session &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41; to perform the subsequent personalized prescription of exercise therapy&#46; The development of these sessions was individualized and lasted two weeks&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The future professionals who participated in the study tested the platform for two weeks without prior explanations of how it worked&#44; to assess how intuitive it was for them&#46; All of them used the platform individually to favor a heterogeneous discussion during the subsequent development of the focus groups&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Data collection</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data collection consisted of conducting two focus groups&#44; one for each type of user&#44; with a question guide &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#44; to obtain information on the topics of specific interest&#46; The questions were developed based on sociodemographic aspects of the participants&#59; knowledge of the future physiotherapists&#59; importance of exercise therapy and ideas related to the handling of the application&#44; the options it offers&#44; as well as its points of improvement&#46; The focus groups were conducted by SC as moderator and NBC taking notes for transcripts&#46; The structured interviews were conducted in a meeting room at university and were recorded with a camera and a voice recorder&#46; They were transcribed and coded to ensure the anonymity of the participants&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Data analysis</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A thematic analysis was used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The inductive coding of the transcripts was performed separately for both focus groups&#46; Systematic Text Condensation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> was used to progress the elaboration from units of meaning to groups of thematic codes&#44; and finally to themes&#46; No software was used for this data analysis&#46; The analysis was conducted by two researchers&#46; Each one analyzed the content of a group&#44; and then a peer review process was carried out&#44; to name the codes and themes in a similar way&#46; Finally&#44; the rest of the researchers participated in the triangulation of the data and the opinions of both focus groups came together to have a global vision on the use of the platform&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Methodological rigor</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To control the quality&#44; several procedures were followed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> To ensure reliability&#44; the transcripts were inspected&#44; followed by a previously established correct protocol in which the coding of specific parts was reviewed&#46; There was also continuous communication between the team members&#44; and we sought to present well-defined and described topics&#46; To maintain validity&#44; different procedures were carried out with &#40;1&#41; the informants &#40;2&#41;&#44; the triangulation process and &#40;3&#41; the researchers&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the case of the informants&#44; we tried to avoid the social desirability bias and report the study properly during the data collection&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> favoring a relationship of trust and a relaxed and comfortable environment with tact and respect when asking the users to obtain the necessary information &#40;indirect questions&#44; ask for examples&#44; relating it to the context&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46; After that&#44; the preliminary results were verified with some of the informants&#46; We identified that the study works with and for the community &#40;with&#58; giving voice to participants in this specific context&#59; and for&#58; introducing strategies for change and improvement of clinical practice&#41;&#46; Regarding the triangulation process&#44; it was carried out in the research team of researchers during data analysis and also by means of peer checking&#44; as well as triangulation by methods&#44; using the support of quantitative research to discuss the results obtained&#46; From the researcher&#39;s perspective&#44; a bracketing method was carried out&#44; incorporating the process of reflection previously to add this more interpretive part at the end of the descriptive results&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Results</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 14 participants were recruited at baseline&#44; 8 future professionals and 6 patients&#46; There was a dropout in the group of future professionals due to the inability to participate in the focus groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The first focus groups lasted one hour and sixteen minutes while the second focus groups lasted one hour and forty minutes&#46; Descriptive results&#58; Responding to the question&#44; how has your experience been after using the platform&#63; Three general themes emerged&#44; in which the different opinions from future professionals and patients were collected&#58; &#40;1&#41; rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation&#44; &#40;2&#41; navigating the platform&#44; and &#40;3&#41; strengths and points to be improved on the platform&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients expressed the physiotherapist work as important&#46; Some patients described their previous experience with the prescription of exercise therapy to be performed at home&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I go to the physio&#44; and he prescribes me home exercises&#44; but I don&#8217;t do them&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-751 &#40;44-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients also spoke about the use of new technologies as a secondary tool&#44; understood as a complement to therapy&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I think that as a complementary method it is very good but always as something additional&#44; not a substitute for the physio&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-251 &#40;44-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; future professionals defined this type of tool as a secondary one&#44; which could serve as a complement to physiotherapy&#46; Future professionals consider these types of tools useful&#44; but never a professional substitute&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">It is clear that you are not going to replace the physiotherapist&#44; using this tool can be interesting&#44; it depends on how it is used&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-228 &#40;22-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future professionals spoke about the difficulties they might encounter with the use of the platform depending on the type of patients and their pathologies&#44; such as with elderly people&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">For the elderly&#44; I don&#8217;t know&#8230; I would not send them to be alone in their house watching a video&#44; it seems to me that it can be dangerous&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-852 &#40;23-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future professionals showed different opinions about whether they would use the exercise therapy prescription web platform within their clinics&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;It is a very interesting platform&#44; but I see the exercise therapy as manual&#44; personal and using technology would be breaking that&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-869 &#40;21-year-old&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;I will use it for the prescription&#44; but only as a complement to my consultations&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-805 &#40;27-year-old&#41;&#46;</p></span></p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Navigating the platform</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the design of the platform&#44; patients agreed that it was intuitive&#44; well presented&#44; and simple to use&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Basic&#44; but in a good way&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-166 &#40;43-year-old&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0010"><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;I find that it is easy and friendly&#44; intuitive and that it is simple to use&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-744 &#40;43-year-old&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the future professionals&#44; the platform was declared intuitive and a pleasant interface&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">It is quite intuitive to use&#44; and it is better than having nothing to do exercises at home for patients&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-852 &#40;23-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the design&#44; the part that was least liked was the &#8220;anamnesis&#8221; due to its difficulty in use&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">I did not like the anamnesis part&#44; because it seems complex to fill in&#59; the rest is good&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-29 &#40;22-year-old&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Strengths and points to be improved of the web platform</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients highlighted the importance of being able to interact with the physiotherapist through the web platform&#46; They reported that the customization of the prescribed exercise therapy made them aware of the possibilities of the platform&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">For me&#44; a strength is being able to interact with my physiotherapist&#59; I have not felt so bad doing the exercises&#44; because I knew that he was there&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-871 &#40;43-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The future professionals emphasized as strengths the importance of the possibility of interacting with patients through the web platform&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To exchange with the patient in a freeway and also that the patient knows what he has to do to improve&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-869 &#40;21-year-old&#41;&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0015"><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8220;For me the prescription part&#44; the access to the videos and the communication are the strongest points of the platform&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-805 &#40;27-year-old&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future professionals and patients gave their opinions on the points for improvement of the platform and proposed the modifications&#44; such as including questionnaires that collect more aspects after carrying out the exercises&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Perhaps the questions are a bit generic&#46; I have not had problems doing the exercises&#44; but I did not know how to reflect my pain on this questionnaire&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-725 &#40;41-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the problems encountered&#44; the patients described the difficulty they had in practicing some exercises without having previously performed them with a physiotherapist&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">It seems to me that it helps&#44; but sometimes doing it before with the physiotherapist is better&#46;&#8221;</span> Patient-766 &#40;45-year-old&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For future professionals&#44; using telerehabilitation encompasses a problem regarding adherence to treatment&#44; which was addressed insistently&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">We prescribe an exercise&#44; and we tell him to watch the video and to do it 3 or 4 times a week&#44; but there is nothing that tells us if the patient has been adhered to the exercises&#46;&#8221;</span> Participant-805 &#40;27-year-old&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Discussion</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first qualitative study that combines the evaluation from the point of view of future professionals and patients on the use of telerehabilitation&#46; This study found that all participants had a good reception of the telerehabilitation platform but demonstrated doubts about the positive attitude toward its use related to the possible loss of physiotherapist&#8211;patient relationship&#46; Based on our findings&#44; three major implications are discussed&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Rehabilitation versus telerehabilitation</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients highlighted the importance of the physiotherapist role and considered that a key point of the telerehabilitation could be the implementation of exercise therapy at home&#46; In the focus groups of the future professionals&#44; the web platform to prescribe exercise therapy is considered a choice available to all patients to complement their treatment but never as a replacement of the professionals&#46; These results are in line with those reported by Fernandes et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> whose respondents highlighted their perception of telerehabilitation being an adjuvant to in-person programs&#44; and not designed to be used solely&#46; However&#44; two recent overview reviews showed positive clinical results of telerehabilitation &#40;especially synchronous telerehabilitation&#41; comparable with conventional rehabilitation to reduce pain and improve physical function in musculoskeletal conditions&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;20</span></a> and not only as a complement&#46; These findings have been more evident on telerehabilitation of patients with difficulty of movement<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> or pathologies that require a long time of treatment&#46; Aggregated information from 774 patients indicated a moderate effect favoring telerehabilitation over usual care &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; in-person program or information packet&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Also&#44; in patients with stroke where the authors reported that the telerehabilitation may improve functional capacity&#44; cognitive abilities&#44; and emotional well-being&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> It should also be noted that the apprehension shown by future professionals seems to be something that has already been studied and that it is mostly due to insufficient preparation&#44; poor confidence&#44; concerns toward a successful therapeutic alliance&#44; and&#47;or lack of guidance and that these&#44; in turn&#44; might influence the acceptance&#44; preferences and needs of their future participants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Familiarity with digital environment and specific training&#44; appears to increase clinicians&#8217; confidence and trust within telerehabilitation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; many studies reported that the information and communication technology can support rehabilitation to facilitate the active patient&#39;s participation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> the engagement with healthcare and that it could increase the practice of exercise therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Thus&#44; a relevant aspect commented in the focus groups was the need to maintain the physiotherapist relationship through the telerehabilitation platform&#46; Future professionals expressed that telerehabilitation does not replace traditional rehabilitation therapy and that they were worried about its use in the future&#46; In this line&#44; other studies showed synchronous consultations were highlighted to reduce the feeling of distance from clinicians&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Also&#44; the importance of physiotherapists&#8217; engagement when a web-based tool is used and how their engagement can influence the patient&#39;s engagement and commitment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Therefore&#44; this new paradigm should be probably paved from the training of future professionals who can give recommendations on adequate materials to have at home and practical ways to develop discipline and engagement were deemed necessary by the general population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Navigating the platform</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the participants in this study agreed that the telerehabilitation platform had an intuitive user interface and it was easy to use&#46; This finding is in agreement with other telerehabilitation studies on patients with heart failure&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> and patients with spinal cord injury&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> where it was also reported the clarity and ease of use&#46; However&#44; as suggested&#44; it is important to analyze the usability of the telerehabilitation platform to implement improvements&#44; even considering specific usability benchmarking instruments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Other studies have suggested that the optimizing usability rates requires of multiple options that are tailored to satisfy diverse participant preferences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Strengths and points to be improved of the web platform</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The possibility of customization of the exercise therapy has been a strength of the platform&#46; Patients liked that exercise therapy programs could be individually prescribed remotely&#44; but they were worried about exercise therapy practice without supervision of their physiotherapist&#46; Closer interaction between physiotherapists and patients has been requested by both&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Systematic reviews about telerehabilitation have reported the importance of this communication between the patient and the physiotherapist&#44; which is frequently guaranteed by mobile telephone&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> as in the platform of the study that it has messaging services&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future professionals highlighted the importance of keeping patients motivated and avoiding dropouts&#44; as well as make the rehabilitation experience more engaging to enhance patients&#8217; compliance in the exercises&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Previous literature corroborated that exercise therapy programs carried out through telerehabilitation could promote long-term exercise for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> multiple sclerosis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> or even in aging people&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; an important part of this study was the participation of 4th year students&#44; where the future professionals faced similar contexts in which they would find themselves in real life&#44; which enabled them to acquire both professional and soft skills&#44; as in service-learning projects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Limitations and recommendations for future research</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study is limited to a particular web platform and one only location in a specific timeframe &#40;taking into account that the aim of this study is to test the platform and not to assess the health effects on the participants&#41;&#44; and therefore generalization to other settings that might have different characteristics is not possible&#46; Also&#44; given the design&#44; a small sample size was obtained&#44; recruited by convenience&#44; without being probabilistic&#46; It would be interesting to carry out studies with each population separately&#44; increasing the sample size in each of them&#46; Thus&#44; the answers could be more representative&#46; In addition&#44; considering &#8220;not following the exercises proposed by the physiotherapists&#8221; as an abandonment criteria could also be a limitation&#44; as the reasons for not carrying out the exercises were not assessed&#46; Future research should address some of the cited limitations by covering other apps in other countries&#44; other timeframes and settings&#46; In addition&#44; possible legal and financial barriers to implementation in healthcare organizations should be explored&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Conclusions</span><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study reports information about the opinion of users of a web platform to prescribe exercise therapy&#46; The web platform was well received as a complement of physiotherapy&#44; but further research in real clinical settings is needed&#44; as well as more qualitative studies to know patients&#8217; opinions and experiences&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Funding</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Institutional review board statement</span><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki&#46; Approval was obtained from the San Jorge University Review Committee to carry out the project&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0120" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0180">Informed consent statement</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0125" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0185">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research&#44; authorship and&#47;or publication of this article&#58; P&#46;H&#46; participates as a minority shareholder &#40;&#60;10&#37;&#41; in the company Fisio Consultores SL&#44; which operates the HEFORA platform&#46; The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2024-01-26"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2024-09-15"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exercise therapy is one of the pillars of physiotherapy treatments&#46; The development of new technologies and the growth of the number of people with Internet access open new options to the prescription of exercise therapy&#46; The aim of this study is to analyze qualitatively how telerehabilitation is experienced from the perspective of two different types of users&#58; &#40;1&#41; 4th year students of the Degree in Physiotherapy &#40;future professionals&#41;&#44; and &#40;2&#41; patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qualitative description research&#46; One focus group for user type was registered&#46; Data were coded and compared&#44; and two researchers independently analyzed the data using a thematic analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The concept of telerehabilitation versus rehabilitation&#44; the use of the interface &#40;navigating the platform&#41;&#44; and the strengths and points to be improved on the platform were the main themes that emerged&#46; These detail users&#8217; opinions and interaction with telerehabilitation and what options telerehabilitation offers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study has provided information about the opinion of users of a remote exercise therapy web platform&#46; The application of technologies as a complement to physiotherapy seems to be quite accepted by both future professionals and patients&#44; but further research in real clinical settings must be considered&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes y objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El ejercicio terap&#233;utico es uno de los pilares de los tratamientos de fisioterapia&#46; El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnolog&#237;as y el crecimiento del n&#250;mero de personas con acceso a internet abre nuevas opciones a la prescripci&#243;n de ejercicio terap&#233;utico&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cualitativamente la telerrehabilitaci&#243;n desde la perspectiva de dos tipos diferentes de usuarios&#58; 1&#41; estudiantes de cuarto curso del Grado de Fisioterapia &#40;futuros profesionales&#41; y 2&#41; pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigaci&#243;n descriptiva cualitativa&#46; Se registr&#243; un grupo focal por cada tipo de usuario&#46; Los datos se codificaron y compararon&#44; y dos investigadores los analizaron de forma independiente mediante un an&#225;lisis tem&#225;tico&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras el an&#225;lisis surgieron los temas principales&#58; el concepto de telerrehabilitaci&#243;n frente al de rehabilitaci&#243;n&#59; el uso de la interfaz &#40;navegaci&#243;n por la plataforma&#41;&#44; y los puntos fuertes y a mejorar de la plataforma&#46; Estos detallan las opiniones y la interacci&#243;n de los usuarios con la telerrehabilitaci&#243;n y qu&#233; opciones ofrece esta&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio ha aportado informaci&#243;n sobre la opini&#243;n de los usuarios de una plataforma web de ejercicio terap&#233;utico a distancia&#46; La aplicaci&#243;n de las tecnolog&#237;as como complemento a la fisioterapia parece ser bastante aceptada tanto por los futuros profesionales como por los pacientes&#44; pero deben realizarse nuevas investigaciones en entornos cl&#237;nicos reales&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">P3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lower back&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">P4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neck and shoulder&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&#44; out of pain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">P5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neck&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Low physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">P6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Lower back&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&#44; for prevention&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Moderate physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Future professionals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Previous knowledge and telerehabilitation</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you suffer some pathology&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the use of web-platform as a rehabilitation tool&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you practice exercise regularly&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you think virtual monitoring could contribute to the rehabilitation&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Have you ever been to the physiotherapist&#63; How was your experience&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you think it is possible the use of a telerehabilitation platform to prescribe and control exercise therapy&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the prescription of exercise therapy as a treatment&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you think it is easy to process data obtained&#63; Do you think these data are useful&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the use of new technologies as a rehabilitation tool&#63; Do you consider other indications that physiotherapy considers prescribing exercise at home&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the adherence achieved thanks to the rehabilitation platform&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="7" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Platform design&#44; management&#44; and accessibility</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you think the rehabilitation platform is intuitive&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you think the design of the rehabilitation platform is attractive for professionals and patients&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What do you think about the interface&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you consider that the rehabilitation platform is versatile&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Would you use the rehabilitation platform every day&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Do you know or use similar web-platforms&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What is your opinion about the use of smartwatches&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Platform strengths and points to be improved</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What are the strengths of the platform as a rehabilitation tool&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What are the areas for improvement of the telerehabilitation platform&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">What points to be improved are needed&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Would you use the rehabilitation platform after the end of this study&#63;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Would you recommend the rehabilitation platform to other patients or professionals&#63;</td></tr></tbody></table>
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Future professionals&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age range &#40;years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#8211;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#8211;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;16&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;83&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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