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Vol. 106. Issue 3.
Pages 97-100 (January 2009)
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Vol. 106. Issue 3.
Pages 97-100 (January 2009)
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¿Metastasis tardia, tumor latente o ambas cosas?
Late metastasis, tumour dormancy or both?
Metastasi berantiarra, tumor sorra ala biak?
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J.A. Díaz-Peromingo
Corresponding author
jose.antonio.diaz.peromingo@sergas.es

Correspondencia: José Antonio Díaz-Peromingo. C/ Doutor Teixeiro n° 29, 5°., 15701. Santiago de Compostela. A Coru˜a. Galicia. Espa˜a UE.
, J. Sánchez-Leira, M.F. García-Suárez, S. Molinos-Castro, P. Pesqueira-Fontán, M.C. Gayol-Fernández
Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital da Barbanza. Riveira. A Coru˜a. Galicia. Espa˜a UE.
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Resumen

La mayor parte de los fallecimientos por cáncer se deben a metástasis que deterioran la función del órgano siendo clínicamente evidentes tras periodos variables de tiempo. En los cánceres de mama existe recidiva tardía en 20-45% de casos. En esta recidiva juega un papel fundamental la aparición temprana de micrometástasis que probablemente ya se producen en el momento del diagnóstico inicial.

Se presenta el caso de una mujer con cáncer de mama tratado y enfermedad metastásica a˜os después repasando los mecanismos posiblemente implicados en la génesis del estado de latencia y en la activación metastásica como son la capacidad celular tumoral de producir invasión local, acceder al torrente sanguíneo, diseminarse, extravasarse y crecer posteriormente en órganos distantes. El estado de latencia puede depender de mecanismos que antagonizan la expansión tumoral en división o de una parada del crecimiento celular. En el cáncer de mama, la enfermedad mínima residual es la causa del 20% de recidivas tras 5 a˜os. Ayudar a clarificar la génesis de la latencia y los mecanismos que activan estas células para abandonar dicho estado es crucial para el posterior dise˜o de pautas de tratamiento eficaces en estos tumores.

Palabras clave:
metástasis tardía
latencia tumoral
micrometástasis
Summary

Most cancer related deaths are due to metastatic disease affecting organ function. Timing of the metastatic involvement is widely different from patient to patient. Respecting to breast cancer, late metastasis is produced in 20-45% of cases. Early appearance of micrometastasis, probably already in the time of diagnosis, plays a key role in the development of late metastatic disease. We present the case of a woman with previously treated breast cancer that develops late metastasis. We focus on the possible mechanisms related to the genesis of dormancy and metastatic activation such as the ability for tumour cells to produce local invasion, blood stream dissemination, and distant growth. Tumour dormancy could be related to the antagonism of cancer cells division or the appearance of an arrest in cancer cells growth. Respecting to breast cancer, minimal residual disease causes 20% of metastatic disease in the following 5 years. To clarify the genesis of dormancy and the mechanisms responsible for the activation of these dormant cancer cells is crucial in the development of useful new therapeutic strategies in these tumours.

Keyword:
late metastasis
tumour dormancy
micrometastasis
Laburpena

Minbiziak jota hiltzen diren gehienak metastasiaren eraginez hiltzen dira. Metastasiak organoaren funtzioa hondatzen du, eta hori klinikoki nabarmena izaten da denbora tarte bat igaro ostean. Bularreko minbizietan, berreritze berantiarra izaten da kasu ugaritan (%2045). Berreritze horietan, mikrometastasiaren agerpen goiztiarra gertatzen da gehientsuenetan, eta litekeena da hasierako diagnostikoan dagoeneko hor izatea. Emakume baten kasua aurkezten da: tratatutako bularreko minbizia eta urte batzuk geroagoko gaixotasun metastasikoa ditu. Beraz, sortasun egoera horren eta metastasi aktibazioaren hasieran ziur asko parte hartu duten mekanismoak aztertu dira; hau da, tokiko erasoa sortzeko, odolera sartzeko, barreiatzeko, gainezka egiteko eta urruneko organoetan gerora hazten joateko ahalmena duten tumor zelulak. Sortasun egoera, beraz, tumorra zatika hedatzen joateari aurka egiten dioten mekanismoen araberakoa izan liteke; edo zelularen hazkundean gertatzen den etenaren araberakoa. Bularreko minbizian, gutxieneko gaixotasun hondarra izaten da berreritzeen %20en erantzulea, 5 urte ondoren. Sortasunaren hasiera zertan den eta zelulei berez duten egoera utzarazten dieten mekanismoak argitzen laguntzea ezinbestekoa da gerora tumor horiei aurre egiteko tratamendu eraginkorrak diseinatu ahal izateko.

Hitz gakoak:
metastasi berantiarra
tumor sorra
mikrometastasia
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Copyright © 2009. Academia de Ciencias Médicas de Bilbao
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