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Vol. 102. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January 2005)
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Vol. 102. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January 2005)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida.
Surgical treatment for morbid obesity
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I. Díez-del-Val
Corresponding author
idiez@htxa.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Dr. Ismael Díez-del-Val. Sección de Cirugía Gastroesofática y Endocrina. Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica. Sevicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Txagorritxu. C/ José Achótegui, s/n. 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz
, C. Martínez-Blázquez, V. Sierra-Esteban, J.M. Vitores-López, J. Valencia-Cortejoso
Sección de Cirugía Gastroesofática y Endocrina. Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica. Sevicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Txagorritxu. Vitoria-Gasteiz. España. UE.
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Resumen

La cirugía de la obesidad mórbida representa la única posibilidad de tratamiento efectiva a largo plazo en pacientes en quienes han fracasado otros tipos de tratamiento conservador. Presentamos los resultados de nuestra experiencia, basada en 556 intervenciones en 507 pacientes, desde abril de 1996 hasta la actualidad. La gastroplastia vertical anillada, técnica de inicio puramente restrictiva, fue abandonada debido a resultados inadecuados en cuanto a la pérdida de peso y vómitos repetidos que condicionaban la calidad de vida. Cuarenta de los 80 pacientes intervenidos fueron reconvertidos a otra técnica. El bypass gástrico es nuestra técnica de elección, con la longitud de las asas de laY de Roux adaptadas el grado de obesidad. Como cirugía primaria, que incluye 234 casos intervenidos por vía abierta y 186 por laparoscopia, presenta una mortalidad del 0,5% y un 8,8% de complicaciones perioperatorias, destacando la hemorragia (4,8%) y la dehiscencia anastomótica (1,7%). Alargo plazo, la laparoscopia ha hecho disminuir las eventraciones del 31 al 0,5%. El sobrepeso perdido medio es del 71%. El 79% alcanzan un índice de sobrepeso perdido superior al 50%, considerados como “criterios de éxito”. La calidad de vida y la comorbilidad ligada a la obesidad mejoran de forma notable.

Palabras clave:
obesidad mórbida
cirugía bariátrica
cirugía laparoscópica
bypass gástrico
Summary

Surgery for morbid obesity represents the only possibility of success in the long term once conservative treatment has failed. We present the results of our experience, based on 559 operations in 507 patients, between April 1996 and November 2003. As a purely restrictive procedure, vertical bamded gatroplasty was abandoned due to inadequate results in weight loss and repetitive vomiting interfering with oral intake and social life. Forty out of 80 patients were converted to another procedure.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is currently our technique of choise, with limp lenghts tailored to the body mass index (BMI). As a primary procedure, including 234 cases by the open approach and 186 by laparoscopy, we had a mortality rate of 0.5% and 8.8% of mayor complications, mainly haemorrhages (4.8%) and anastomotic leaks (1.7%).

With laparoscopic gastric bypass, incisional hernias have decreased from 31% to 0.5%. The mean excess weight loss (EWL) after 4 years is 71%. Considering the usual criteria of success, 85% of patients remain over 50% EWL and 79% reach a BMI lower than 35 kg/m2. Both quality of life and comorbidities associated with morbid obesity improve signiflicantly.

Key words:
morbid obesity
bariatric surgery
laparoscopic surgery
gastric bypass
Laburpena

Ohiko tratamendu motek porrot eginez gero, gizentasun erigarriaren kirurgia da epe luzera egin daitekeen tratamendu bakarra. Gure esperientziaren datuak aurkeztuko ditugu: 556 ebakuntza egin dizkiegu 507 gaixori, 1996ko apiriletik gaur egunera arteko tartean. Gastroplastia bertikal eraztunduna oso teknika murriztailea zen hasiera batean, baina baztertu egin zuten; izan ere, pisu galera desegokia eta etengabeko gonbitoak zirela tarteko, gaixoen bizi-kalitatea benetan kaskarra zen. Ebakuntza egindako 80 gaixoetatik 40ri beste teknika bat egin behar izan zieten gerora. By-pass gastrikoa da guk aukeratu dugun teknika: Roux-en Yaren heldulekuen luzerak gizentasun mailara egokitzen dira. Kirurgia primario honekin dagoeneko 234 ebakuntza egin dira gaixoari ebakia eginez, eta ¿186?, laparoskopia bitartez. Kirurgia mota honetan, heriotza tasa % 0,5ekoa da, eta ebakuntza osteko arazoak, berriz, ¿% 5,5?ekoak dira: odoljarioa ¿(% 4,8)? eta dehiszentzia anastomotikoa (% 1,7). Epe luzera, laparoskopiari esker, sabel-etenak % 31tik % 0,5era murriztu dira. Batez bestean galtzen den gainkarga, berriz, % 71koa da. Gaixoen % 79k gainkargaren % 50 baino gehiago galtzen dute, eta “arrakasta irizpidetzat” jotzen da hori. Horrenbestez, bizi-kalitatea eta gizentasunarekin lotutako bestelako erikortasuna nabarmen hobetu dira.

Hitz giltzarriak:
gizentasun erigarria
kirurgia bariatrikoa
kirurgia laparoskopikoa eta by-pass gastrikoa
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