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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Secondary uncovered versus fully-covered metal stents for the management of occl...
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Original Article
Available online 7 July 2024
Secondary uncovered versus fully-covered metal stents for the management of occluded stent in unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction
Prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles totalmente recubiertas versus no recubiertas de rescate en el manejo de la obstrucción del stent en pacientes con obstrucción biliar maligna distal irresecable
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Javier Tejedor-Tejada
Corresponding author
jtejedor1991@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Aranzazu Alvarez-Alvarez, Jose Manuel Olmos, Ana Cristina González-Bernal, Andrea Jimenez-Jurado, Samuel Robles-Gaitero, Jose M. Perez-Pariente
Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
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Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients according to second-stent types.
Table 2. Clinical outcomes of patients according to second-stent types.
Table 3. Results of Cox proportional hazards regression model about overall survival time.
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Abstract
Introduction

Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) have been widely placed for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction (UDMBO). However, the dysfunction rate is 19–40% and its treatment is controversial. We aimed asses the efficacy and safety of a secondary biliary stents (uncovered (UC) versus fully-covered (FC) stent) for the management of occluded SEMS.

Patients and methods

Between 2015 and June 2023, 41 patients with UDMBO underwent secondary biliary stent placement as “stent-in-stent” (20 FCSEMS and 21 UCSEMS). The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success of SEMS placement. Secondary outcomes included adverse events (AEs), patency and survival. Patients were prospectively followed until death or loss of follow-up.

Results

Technical (100% vs 85.5%) and clinical (100% vs 95.2%) success rates were similar in FCSEMS and UCSEMS groups. The median follow-up period was 510 days (range 290–630). The median duration of stent patency of FCSEMS (220 days, IQR 137.5–442.5) was longer than UCSEMS (150 days, IQR 110–362.5) (P=0.395), although stent dysfunction within 6 months was not different between groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that sex (HR=0.909, 0.852–0.970), antitumor treatment (HR=0.248, 0.032–0.441), stent patency (HR=0.992, 0.986–0.998) and clinical success (HR=0.133, 0.026–0.690) were significant factors for overall survival. There were no remarkable differences in AEs.

Conclusions

The placement of additional biliary stent using the stent-in-stent method is an effective and safe rescue treatment for patients with UDMBO and occluded stent. In addition, the use of FCSEMS compared UCSEMS has unclear benefits regarding stent patency and overall survival.

Keywords:
Distal malignant biliary obstruction
Endoscopic biliary drainage
Self-expandable metal stents
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Resumen
Introducción

Las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles (PMA) son ampliamente utilizadas en el tratamiento de la obstrucción biliar distal maligna (OBDM) irresecable. La disfunción del stent es la complicación más frecuente y su manejo es controvertido. Nuestro objetivo es comparar la colocación de una segunda PMA-recubierta (PMA-R) frente a no recubierta (PMA-NR) coaxial en pacientes con obstrucción del stent.

Pacientes y métodos

Entre 2015-2023, se incluyeron 41 pacientes con OBDM que presentaron oclusión de PMA precisando de la colocación de una segunda PMA coaxial de rescate (20 PMA-R y 21 PMA-NR). Se definió permeabilidad de la PMA como el tiempo desde la colocación del segundo stent hasta su disfunción o muerte. Se analizó el éxito técnico, clínico y la seguridad según la PMA colocada.

Resultados

Los éxitos técnico (100% vs. 85,5%) y clínico (100% vs. 95,2%) fueron similares en ambos grupos PMA-R y PMA-NR, respectivamente. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 510 días (rango 290-630). La mediana de permeabilidad de PMA-R (220 días, RIC 137,5-442,5) fue mayor que PMA-NR (150 días, RIC 110-362,5) (p=0,395). En el análisis multivariante, el sexo (HR=0,909, 0,852-0,970), el tratamiento antitumoral (HR=0,248, 0,032-0,441), la permeabilidad del stent (HR=0,992, 0,986-0,998) y el éxito clínico (HR=0,133, 0,026-0,690) fueron factores pronósticos estadísticamente significativos. No hubo eventos adversos graves.

Conclusiones

La colocación de PMA coaxial es una técnica eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de OBDM y obstrucción del stent. Las PMA-R y PMA-NR coaxiales de rescate alcanzaron resultados comparables a largo plazo en términos de efectividad, permeabilidad y seguridad.

Palabras clave:
Obstrucción biliar distal maligna
Drenaje biliar endoscópico
Prótesis metálica autoexpandible
Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada

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