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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Actualizaciones en las lesiones precursoras de cáncer colorrectal
Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 80-85 (September 2012)
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Vol. 35. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 80-85 (September 2012)
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Actualizaciones en las lesiones precursoras de cáncer colorrectal
Update on colorectal cancer precursor lesions
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Leticia Moreira
Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

En la actualidad está bien establecida la secuencia adenoma-carcinoma y, por tanto, el potencial de los adenomas de degenerar a cáncer colorrectal (CCR); durante la última década, ha habido un cambio en el paradigma que consideraba a estas lesiones como las únicas precursoras de CCR, considerando también a los pólipos serrados como lesiones con potencial de malignización.

Los estudios presentados este año en el congreso de la American Gastroenterological Association aportan información relevante para caracterizar mejor las lesiones precursoras de CCR, especialmente en cuanto a su correcta detección, prevalencia, y estrategias de tratamiento y vigilancia. Entre estos estudios destacan los enfocados a la evaluación de las características epidemiológicas de los pólipos serrados, estudios que pretenden mejorar la calidad de la colonoscopia con la finalidad de lograr una mayor detección de estas lesiones precursoras, como la valoración de la limpieza intestinal, la tasa de detección de pólipos, el tiempo de retirada, el uso de capuchón endoscópico, NBI (narrow band imaging), endoscopia de alta definición y, por último, la evaluación de una vigilancia endoscópica adecuada.

Palabras clave:
Pólipos serrados
Adenomas
Cáncer colorrectal
Colonoscopia
Polipectomía
Vigilancia
Abstract

The adenoma-carcinoma sequence is currently well established, and therefore, the potential for adenomas to progress to colorectal cancer (CRC). In the last decade, there has been a change in the paradigm that considered these lesions as the only precursors of CRC and nowadays serrated polyps are also considered to have the potential for malignant transformation.

The studies presented this year at the congress of the American Gastroenterological Association provide important information to improve the characterization of CRC precursor lesions, especially as regards their detection, prevalence and treatment and surveillance strategies. Notable among these studies were those focussing on evaluating the epidemiological characteristics of serrated polyps and those attempting to improve the quality of colonoscopy -with the ultimate aim of achieving greater detection of these precursor lesions- by evaluating colon cleansing, the polyp detection rate, withdrawal times, the use of endoscopic caps, narrow band imaging, high-definition endoscopy and, lastly, adequate endoscopic surveillance.

Keywords:
Serrated polyps
Adenomas
Colorectal cancer
Colonoscopy
Polypectomy
Surveillance
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Copyright © 2012. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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