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Vol. 25. Issue 7.
Pages 443-447 (January 2002)
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Vol. 25. Issue 7.
Pages 443-447 (January 2002)
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Características de la hemorragia digestiva por varices esofagogástricas en pacientes con infección por el VIH
Characteristics Of Bleeding From Esophageal-Gastric Varices In Patients With Hiv Infection
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M.V. Catalina1, J. Barrio1, A. García1, S. Alonso1, D. Rincón1, J.L. Pérez1, O. Núñez1, R. Bañares1,
Corresponding author
Banares@inicia.es

Correspondencia: Dr. R. Bañares Cañizares. Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Sección de de Hepatología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid.
, P. Menchéna,1
1 Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Unidad de Hepatología y Hemodinámica Hepática. Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
a Unidad de Hepatología y Hemodinámica Hepática. Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
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Article information
Objetivos

A consecuencia de sus similares vías de transmisión, es frecuente la coinfección del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con virus hepatotropos (B y C). La enfermedad hepática se manifiesta más tempranamente en estos pacientes y evoluciona a cirrosis y sus complicaciones en menor espacio de tiempo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la incidencia y características clínicas de la hemorragia digestiva por varices esofagogástricas (HDV) en pacientes infectados por el VIH.

Métodos

Se analizaron retrospectivamente 258 episodios consecutivos de HDV en pacientes cirróticos ocurridos entre enero de 1996 y enero de 2001, 20 de los cuales se produjeron en pacientes infectados por el VIH (7,8%).

Resultados

En los pacientes con el VIH la edad media fue significativamente inferior y todos ellos presentaban hepatopatía por virus C. El gradiente de presión venosa hepática fue superior en los pacientes con el VIH (22,8 ± 3,4 frente a 19,6 ± 5,4 mmHg; p = 0,05). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a la gravedad de la enfermedad hepática (Child-Pugh), requerimientos transfusionales, tratamiento realizado, hemostasia inicial, recidiva temprana, hemostasia definitiva y tratamiento de rescate con derivación portosistémica percutánea intrahepática (DPPI). El desarrollo de complicaciones (infecciones bacterianas, encefalopatía hepática y ascitis), estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad fueron asimismo similares. La mortalidad no estuvo influida por el estadio VIH. La HDV en pacientes con infección por el VIH tiene una forma de presentación y evolución con el tratamiento similar a la del resto de pacientes cirróticos, a pesar de presentar un mayor grado de hipertensión portal.

Conclusiones

La presencia de serología positiva para el VIH no debe modificar las actitudes diagnósticas o terapéuticas de la HDV.

Aims

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatotropic viruses (hepatitis B and C) is frequent because the routes of infection are similar. Liver disease appears earlier in these patients and progression to cirrhosis and its complications is faster. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of bleeding from esophageal-gastric varices in patients with HIV.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 258 consecutive episodes of bleeding from esophageal-gastric varices in cirrhotic patients between January 1996 and January 2001, of which 20 episodes occurred in patients with HIV (7.8%).

Results

The mean age was significantly lower in patients with HIV infection and all presented hepatitis C infection. The hepatic venous pressure gradient was higher in patients with HIV (22.8 ± 3.4 mmHg vs 19.6 ± 5,4 mmHg; p = 0.05). No differences in the severity of liver disease (Child-Pugh), transfusion requirements, treatment performed, initial hemostasis, early recurrence, or rescue treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) were found. The development of complications (bacterial infections, hepatic encephalopathy and ascites), hospital stay and mortality were also similar. Mortality was not influenced by HIV stage. Bleeding from esophageal-gastric varices in patients with HIV infection has a similar form of presentation and clinical course with treatment to that in non-cirrhotic patients, despite a higher degree of portal hypertension.

Conclusions

The presence of HIV infection should not modify diagnostic or therapeutic attitudes to bleeding from esophageal-gastric varices.

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