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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Caracterización de los tumores malignos de novo en el trasplante hepático
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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 57-63 (January 2003)
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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 57-63 (January 2003)
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Caracterización de los tumores malignos de novo en el trasplante hepático
Characterization of de novo malignancies in liver transplantation
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M.V. Catalina*, A. de Diego, A. García-Sánchez, M. Escudero, M. Salcedo, R. Bañares, G. Clemente
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Unidad de Trasplante Hepático. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España
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Introducción

La incidencia de neoplasias de novo tras el trasplante hepático (TH) varía de un 3 a un 15%, siendo mayor que la de la población general. La inmunosupresión posiblemente tenga un papel importante en el desarrollo de la mayor parte de estos tumores.

Objetivo

Evaluar la incidencia y las características clínicas de los tumores aparecidos de novo en pacientes con TH en nuestro centro, así como su supervivencia.

Pacientes y métodos

Analizamos retrospectivamente los 437 TH (380 pacientes) realizados desde abril de 1990 hasta julio de 2001, encontrando una incidencia de neoplasias de novo del 7,4% (n = 28). Cuatro pacientes presentaron dos tumores distintos a lo largo de su vida. La etiología de la enfermedad de base fue cirrosis alcohólica (45,8%), cirrosis VCH (20,8%), cirrosis VBH (12,5%), enfermedad autoinmune (8,4%) y otras (12,5%). Las neoplasias más frecuentes fueron los tumores cutáneos y los epidermoides (el 21,4% de las neoplasias en ambos grupos). Todos los pacientes con tumores epidermoides y adenocarcinomas eran fumadores activos. La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 58 ± 9 años, siendo éste un factor que influyó en la estirpe del tumor desarrollado (los adenocarcinomas en pacientes de mayor edad y los tumores epidermoides en los más jóvenes; p = 0,04).

Resultados

Los sarcomas y adenocarcinomas aparecieron más precozmente tras el trasplante que los tumores epidermoides y los cutáneos (p = 0,04). El 50% de las neoplasias se desarrollaron en el segundo y tercer año postrasplante. El tipo de inmunosupresión no influyó en la estirpe del tumor, si bien la mayoría de los pacientes recibían ciclosporina A, asociada con azatioprina y/o corticoides. El tiempo medio de seguimiento tras el diagnóstico del tumor fue de 23,1 ± 28meses (1-81), y la tasa de mortalidad fue de un 58,4% con una mediana de supervivencia de 9 ± 16 meses. La probabilidad actuarial de supervivencia a 1, 3 y 5 años ha sido del 46,1, el 27,7 y el 27,7%, respectivamente.

Conclusiones

Las neoplasias de novo son afecciones que aparecen con frecuencia tras el TH y presentan distinto patrón evolutivo que la población general. Dado su curso clínico más agresivo, es fundamental realizar un seguimiento periódico a estos pacientes para realizar el diagnóstico precozmente.

Introduction

The incidence of de novo malignancies after liver transplantation varies from 3-15%, and is greater than that in the general population. Immunosuppression may play a significant role in the development of most of these tumors.

Objective

To evaluate the incidence and clinical features of de novo tumors in liver transplant recipients in our center as well as to assess survival.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 437 liver transplantations (380 patients) performed from April 1990 to July 2001. The incidence of de novo malignancies was 7.4% (n = 28). Four patients presented two different tumors during their lifetime. The etiology of the underlying disease was alcoholic cirrhosis (45.8%), hepatitis C virus cirrhosis (20.8%), hepatitis B virus cirrhosis (12.5%), autoimmune disease (8.4%) and other causes (12.5%). The most frequent neoplasms were cutaneous and epidermoid tumors (21.4% of the malignancies both groups). All the patients with epidermoid tumors and adenocarcinomas were active smokers. The mean age at diagnosis was 58 ± 9 years and this was a factor that influenced tumoral type (adenocarcinomas in older patients and epidermoid tumors in younger patients; p = 0.04).

Results

Sarcomas and adenocarcinomas appeared sooner after transplantation than epidermoid and cutaneous tumors (p = 0.04). Fifty percent of the malignancies developed in the second and third year after transplantation. The type of immunosuppression did not influence tumoral type, although most patients received cyclosporin A in combination with azathioprine and/or corticoids. The mean duration of follow-up after diagnosis of the tumor was 23.1 ± 28 months (range, 1-81). Mortality was 58.4% with a median survival of 9 ± 16 months. The actuarial probability of survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 46.1, 27.7 and 27.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

De novo malignancies are frequent after liver transplantation and their clinical course differs from that in the general population. Because their clinical course is more aggressive, regular follow-up of these patients is essential for early diagnosis.

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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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