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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Complicaciones infecciosas asociadas al trasplante hepático: análisis de 104 p...
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Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 186-190 (January 2001)
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Vol. 24. Issue 4.
Pages 186-190 (January 2001)
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Complicaciones infecciosas asociadas al trasplante hepático: análisis de 104 pacientes
Infectious Complications Associated with Liver Transplantation: Analysis of 104 Patients
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3521
J. Cubiella1, M. Sala1, J. Fernández1, M. Navasa
,1
, J.M. Salmerón1, J. Gómeza, A. Rimola1, J. Rodés1
1 Servicio de Hepatología, Institut de Malalties Digestives
a Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Barcelona
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Objetivos

Las complicaciones infecciosas constituyen la principal causa de morbimortalidad en el trasplante hepático durante el primer año. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar, en una serie reciente, la incidencia, los gérmenes implicados y los factores asociados al desarrollo de estas complicaciones infecciosas.

Pacientes Y MÉtodo

Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de los episodios infecciosos ocurridos durante el primer año en 104 pacientes trasplantados entre abril de 1995 y diciembre de 1996. Se evaluaron diversas variables clínicas en relación con el proceso patológico anterior al trasplante, el acto quirúrgico y la evolución postrasplante, con el objeto de identificar los factores predictivos del desarrollo de complicaciones infecciosas bacterianas.

Resultados

Durante el primer año, 51 pacientes (49%) presentaron 111 episodios infecciosos. Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron bacterianas (el 66% de los casos); un 21% fueron infecciones por citomegalovirus y un 11% fúngicas. La mayor incidencia de infecciones bacterianas se produjo durante el primer mes (el 80% de la totalidad de los episodios infecciosos en este período). Dos variables se asociaron de forma independiente con el desarrollo de infecciones bacterianas en el primer mes postrasplante: un tiempo prolongado de isquemia del injerto (p = 0,002) y el tiempo de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (p = 0,002). Las complicaciones infecciosas causaron 8 de las 11 muertes que se produjeron durante el año de seguimiento. La mortalidad asociada a las infecciones fúngicas invasivas fue del 100%.

Conclusiones

Aunque la incidencia global de infecciones y su mortalidad asociada ha descendido, persisten como la principal causa de morbimortalidad en el primer año posttrasplante.

Objetive

Infectious complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality during the first year after liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, microorganisms and factors associated with the development of infectious complications.

Patients And Method

Retrospective analysis of infectious episodes during the first year after transplantation in 104 patients undergoing transplantation between April 1995 and December 1996. The various clinical variables related to the pre-transplant disease, the surgical intervention and posttransplant evolution were evaluated with the aim of identifying predictive factors for the development of bacterial infectious complications.

Results

During the first year, 51 patients (49%) presented 111 infectious episodes. The most frequent infections were bacterial (66%); 21% were cytomegalovirus infections and 22% were fungal. The incidence of bacterial infections was highest during the first month (80% of all infectious episodes in this period). Two variables were independently associated with the development of bacterial infections in the first month following transplantation: prolonged ischemia of the graft (p = 0.002) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.002). Infectious complications caused 8 of the 11 deaths that occurred during the 1-year follow-up. Mortality associated with invasive fungal infections was 100%.

Conclusions

Although the overall incidence of infections and associated mortality has decreased, it remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the first year after transplantation.

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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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