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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 143-147 (January 2002)
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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 143-147 (January 2002)
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Derivación portosistémica percutánea intrahepática como tratamiento del hidrotórax hepático refractario
Percutaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunting as a treatment for refractory hepatic hydrothorax
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O. Núñez, A. García, D. Rincón, S. Alonso, R. Bañares
Corresponding author
banares@inicia.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Dr. Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid.
Servicios de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
A. Echenagusía*
* Servicios de Radiología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
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Resumen

El hidrotórax hepático es una complicación infrecuente de la hipertensión portal en la cirrosis hepática. El tratamiento con restricción salina y diuréticos es generalmente eficaz, pero cuando fracasa, su abordaje terapéutico es dificultoso y conlleva múltiples complicaciones. La derivación portosistémica percutánea intrahepática (DPPI) se asocia con un notable descenso de la presión portal, por lo que ha sido usada en el tratamiento de la ascitis refractaria.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la eficacia, la seguridad y la evolución del hidrotórax hepático refractario (HHR) tratado mediante DPPI. El procedimiento se realizó en 5 pacientes, todos ellos de grado B o C de la clasificación de Child-Pugh. Tres de los pacientes presentaron respuesta completa al tratamiento, siendo uno de ellos trasplantado 20 días después, en otro hubo una respuesta parcial con disminución de la necesidad de realización de toracocentesis, y el quinto paciente murió a los 17 días de seguimiento sin respuesta a la DPPI. No se apreciaron modificaciones de los valores de albúmina ni del grado de Child. Dos pacientes presentaron recurrencia con reaparición del hidrotórax por disfunción de la DPPI, y otros dos presentaron encefalopatía hepática que respondió al tratamiento médico. La DPPI permite el control del hidrotórax refractario en un porcentaje elevado de casos, pero su eficacia se ve limitada por la presencia de disfunción, por el riesgo de encefalopatía y por el escaso impacto sobre la supervivencia.

Hepatic hydrothorax is an infrequent complication of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis. Treatment with saline restriction and diuretics is usually effective but when this fails, the therapeutic approach is difficult and multiple complications occur. Transjugular percutaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IPS) is associated with a marked decrease in portal pressure and consequently this technique has been used in the treatment of refractory ascites. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy, safety and outcome of refractory hepatic hydrothorax treated by IPS.

The procedure was performed in 5 patients who were all grade B or C in the Child-Pugh classification. Three patients showed complete response to the treatment, of whom 1 underwent transplantation 20 days later. The fourth patient showed partial response with a reduction in the need to perform thoracocentesis and the fifth patient showed no response to IPS and died after 17 days of follow-up. Albumin levels and Child classification remained unchanged. Two patients presented recurrence with reappearance of hydrothorax due to shunt dysfunction and 2 patients presented hepatic encephalopathy that responded to medical treatment.

Refractory hepatic hydrothorax can be controlled by IPS in a large number of patients but its efficacy is restricted by shunt dysfunction, the risk of encephalopathy and by its limited effect on survival.

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Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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