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Vol. 27. Issue 9.
Pages 515-520 (January 2004)
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Vol. 27. Issue 9.
Pages 515-520 (January 2004)
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Determinación del genotipo del virus de la hepatitis B y detección de mutaciones de resistencia al tratamiento con lamivudina
Determination Of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype And Detection Of Lamivudine-Resistance Mutations
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M.C. Nogalesa,
Corresponding author
mariac.nogales.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es

Correspondencia: Dra. M.C. Nogales. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Ctra. de Cádiz, s/n. 41014 Sevilla. España.
, M.C. Serranoa, E. Suárezb, R. Corpasb, L. Péreza, R. Claroa, R. Jaranaa, M. Romero-Gómezb, E. Martín-Mazuelosa
a Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Sevilla
b Unidad de Hepatología-Sección de Digestivo. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Sevilla. España
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Objetivos

Determinar los genotipos del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) en el Área Sur de Sevilla e investigar el desarrollo de mutaciones de resistencia a la lamivudina utilizando una técnica de hibridación con sondas específicas y comparar los resultados con la técnica de secuenciación directa. Valorar la relación temporal entre las variaciones del nivel de ADN-VHB y la detección de variantes mutantes. Analizar la influencia de los diversos genotipos en el patrón de mutaciones desarrolladas y en los valores de carga viral y alaninaminotransferasa (ALT) tras su aparición.

Pacientes Y Método

En 37 pacientes con hepatitis crónica por VHB se determinó mediante la técnica de LiPA el genotipo del VHB y en 10 de ellos, en tratamiento con lamivudina durante una media de 19,2 meses, se investigó el desarrollo de mutaciones al fármaco. En estos 10 pacientes se comparó la técnica de LiPA con la secuenciación directa. Durante el tratamiento con lamivudina se determinó el ADN-VHB por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y ALT cada 3-6 meses.

Resultados

Los genotipos más frecuentes fueron D (45,9%) y A (18,9%); 2 pacientes tenían el genotipo B; el 18,9% presentó genotipos mixtos. La secuenciación mostró idénticos resultados excepto en un genotipo mixto. En el 60% de los casos se encontraron mutaciones. La secuenciación fue concordante excepto en la detección de poblaciones mixtas formadas por mutantes y población salvaje (wild type [WT]). Los pacientes con genotipo A presentaron en los primeros 12 meses el patrón M204I+WT y los pacientes con genotipo D, el patrón L180M+M204V con o sin WT a los 18 meses. En 5/6 casos se observó un aumento > 1 log10 en el ADN-VHB 3-8 meses antes de la detección de la mutación por LiPA. En los pacientes con el genotipo B, el nivel de ADN-VHB y ALT tras el desarrollo de las mutaciones fue menor que el basal e inferior al de los genotipos A y D.

Conclusiones

La técnica de LiPA para la determinación del genotipo del VHB y la detección de mutaciones de resistencia a la lamivudina presenta una excelente correlación con la técnica de secuenciación más compleja. El genotipo D predomina en el Área Sur de Sevilla. Durante el tratamiento con lamivudina, un aumento del nivel de ADN-VHB por PCR predice la aparición de mutaciones antes de su demostración por LiPA.

Objectives

To determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in southern Seville (Spain) and investigate the development of lamivudine-resistance mutations by using a hybridization technique with specific probes and by comparing the results with those of the direct sequencing technique. To evaluate the temporal relationship between variations in the level of HBV-DNA and detection of mutant variants. To analyze the influence of several genotypes on the pattern of mutations developed and on values of viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) after their development.

Patients and Method

In 37 patients with chronic HBV infection, HBV genotype was determined using the LiPA technique. In 10 of these patients undergoing lamivudine treatment for a mean of 19.2 months, the development of lamivudine-resistant mutations was investigated. In these 10 patients, the LiPA technique was compared with direct sequencing. During lamivudine treatment, we determined HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ALT every 3-6 months.

Results

The most frequent genotypes were D (45.9%) and A (18.9%); 2 patients were genotype B while 18.9% had mixed genotypes. Sequencing showed identical results except in one mixed genotype. Mutations were found in 60% of the cases. The results of sequencing were in agreement, except in the detection of mixed populations composed of mutants and wild-type (WT). Patients with genotype A showed the pattern M204I+WT in the first 12 months and those with genotype D showed the pattern L180M+M204V with or without WT at 18 months. In 5/6 cases, an increase of > 1 log10 in HBV-DNA was observed 3-8 months before the mutation was detected by LiPA. In patients with genotype B, levels of HBV-DNA and ALT after the development of mutations was lower than basal levels and was also lower than those in patients with genotypes A and D.

Conclusions

The LiPA technique for determination of HBV genotype and detection of lamivudine-resistance mutations shows excellent correlation with the most complex sequencing technique. Genotype D predominates in southern Seville. During lamivudine treatment, an increase in the level of HBV-DNA detected by PCR predicts the development of mutations before these are demonstrated by LiPA.

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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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