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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Factores asociados al fracaso de la terapéutica endoscópica en la hemorragia d...
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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 227-233 (January 2003)
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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 227-233 (January 2003)
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Factores asociados al fracaso de la terapéutica endoscópica en la hemorragia digestiva por úlcera gástrica
Factors associated with failure of endoscopic therapy in gastric ulcer bleeding
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M.V. García Sánchez*, P. López Vallejos, A. González Galilea, C. Gálvez Calderón, A. Naranjo Rodríguez, M.D. Sánchez-Tembleque Zarandona, A. Hervás Molina, J.F. de Dios Vega
Unidad Clínica de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. Córdoba. España
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Introducción

La terapéutica endoscópica es una técnica eficaz en el control de la hemorragia por úlcera péptica. Sin embargo, el sangrado persiste o recidiva hasta en el 10-30% de los enfermos. Las úlceras gástricas y duodenales presentan características clínicas y endoscópicas diferentes, por lo que la eficacia del tratamiento endoscópico y los factores asociados a su fracaso deberían estudiarse por separado.

Objetivos

Analizar la eficacia de la terapéutica endoscópica en enfermos con alto riesgo de persistencia o recidiva del sangrado por úlcera gástrica y determinar los factores asociados al fracaso de esta técnica.

Pacientes y método

Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, basado en un protocolo de actuación clínica, en el que se analizaron los 208 enfermos ingresados por hemorragia secundaria a úlcera gástrica con sangrado activo o estigmas de reciente sangrado, que recibieron terapéutica endoscópica, entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 2001. Se recogieron variables clínicas, analíticas y endocópicas en el momento del ingreso, así como el tratamiento médico y procedimiento endoscópico aplicado. La endoscopia se realizó dentro de las 12 h siguientes al ingreso. Los enfermos fueron clasificados en función de la respuesta al tratamiento endoscópico: a) pacientes con hemorragia limitada, y b) pacientes con persistencia o recidiva del sangrado por fracaso terapéutico. La pauta de actuación en los enfermos con fallo del tratamiento endoscópico se realizó según un protocolo previamente establecido. Las variables que obtuvieron significación estadística en el análisis univariante se incluyeron en un modelo de regresión logística para identificar aquellas con un valor predictivo independiente para el fracaso de la terapéutica endoscópica.

Resultados

La hemostasia definitiva se logró tras la terapéutica inicial en 181 (87%) de los enfermos. La eficacia de una segunda terapia aumentó el porcentaje de hemostasia a un 91% de los casos. En el modelo de regresión logística, las únicas variables que se asociaron independientemente al fallo terapéutico inicial fueron: la repercusión hemodinámica en el momento del ingreso (p = 0,016; OR = 3,99), la necesidad de transfusión de hemoderivados previos a la endoscopia (p = 0,025; OR = 3,48), la localización alta de la úlcera gástrica (p = 0,050; OR = 3,08) y la terapéutica endoscópica no satisfactoria (p = 0,009; OR = 17,39).

Conclusión

Estas variables podrían identificar de forma temprana a un subgrupo de enfermos, lo que permitiría llevar a cabo una mayor vigilancia médico-quirúrgica, así como ofrecerles otras alternativas terapéuticas.

Introduction

Endoscopic therapy is an effective technique in the control of bleeding due to peptic ulcer. However, bleeding persists or recurs in as many as 10-30% of patients. Gastric and duodenal ulcers present different clinical and endoscopic features and consequently the efficacy of endoscopic therapy and the factors associated with its failure should be studied separately.

Objectives

To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic therapy in patients at high risk of persistent or recurrent bleeding due to gastric ulcer and to identify the factors associated with the failure of this technique.

Patients and methods

We performed a retrospective study based on a clinical intervention protocol. Two hundred eight patients admitted for bleeding secondary to gastric ulcer with active bleeding or stigmas of recent bleeding who received endoscopic therapy between January 1992 and December 2001 were analyzed. Clinical, laboratory and endoscopic variables on admission, as well as the medical treatment and endoscopic procedure applied, were registered. Endoscopy was performed within 12 hours of admission. Patients were classified according to their response to endoscopic therapy: a) patients with limited bleeding, and b) patients with persistent or recurrent bleeding due to therapeutic failure. Intervention in patients with therapeutic failure was performed according to a previously established protocol. Variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model to identify those with an independent predictive value for failure of endoscopic therapy.

Results

Definitive hemostasis was achieved after initial therapy in 181 patients (87%). The efficacy of a second procedure increased the percentage of hemostasis to 91% of the patients. In the logistic regression model, the only variables that were independently associated with initial therapeutic failure were: hemodynamic status on admission (p = 0.016; OR = 3.99), the need for transfusion of blood products prior to endoscopy (p = 0.025; OR = 3.48), upper localization of the gastric ulcer (p = 0.050; OR = 3.08) and unsatisfactory endoscopic therapy (p = 0.009; OR = 17.39).

Conclusion

These variables could contribute to the early identification of a subgroup of patients, which would enable us to increase medical-surgical surveillance and offer them other therapeutic alternatives.

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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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