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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Fibrogénesis hepática: fisiopatología
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Vol. 35. Issue S2.
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
Pages 3-9 (December 2012)
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Vol. 35. Issue S2.
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
Pages 3-9 (December 2012)
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
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Fibrogénesis hepática: fisiopatología
Liver fibrogenesis: physiopathology
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Gemma Odenaa,b, Ramón Batallera,b,c,d,
Corresponding author
ramon_bataller@med.unc.edu

Autor para correspondencia.
a Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)
c Departments of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
d Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)
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Resumen

La fibrogénesis hepática es consecuencia de una reparación tisular exagerada ante un daño hepático crónico. La fibrosis consiste en el depósito progresivo de MEC en el parénquima hepático, que se observa en la mayoría de enfermedades crónicas del hígado y que precede al desarrollo de cirrosis. En los últimos años diversos estudios han identificado las células estrelladas hepáticas activadas, los fibroblastos portales y los miofibroblastos de distinto origen como las principales células productoras de colágeno en el hígado dañado. Asimismo, se han identificado las principales citocinas y moléculas implicadas. La demostración de que es posible la reversibilidad de la fibrogénesis hepática avanzada ha estimulado la investigación de posibles terapias antifibrogénicas. No obstante, el único tratamiento claramente efectivo es la eliminación del agente causal. Este artículo resume los progresos en el estudio de la patogénesis de la fibrogénesis hepática y discute las posibles dianas terapéuticas para desarrollar fármacos antifibrogénicos.

Palabras clave:
Inflamación hepática
Citocinas
Células estrelladas hepáticas
Enfermedades crónicas hepáticas
Abstract

Liver fibrogenesis is the result of excessive tissue repair of chronic liver damage. This entity consists of the progressive extracellular matrix deposition in the liver parenchyma that is observed in most chronic liver diseases and which precedes the development of cirrhosis. In the last few years, several studies have identified activated stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts from distinct cell populations as the main collagen-producing cells in the damaged liver. Likewise, the main cytokines and molecules involved in liver fibrogenesis have been identified. The finding that advanced liver fibrogenesis can be reversed has stimulated research into possible antifibrogenic therapies. Nevertheless, the only effective treatment is elimination of the causal agent. The present article summarizes the progress made in the study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrogenesis and discusses the possible therapeutic targets for the development of antifibrogenic agents.

Keywords:
Hepatic inflammation
Cytokines
Hepatic stellate cells
Chronic liver disease
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Copyright © 2012. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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