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Vol. 24. Issue 7.
Pages 343-345 (January 2001)
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Vol. 24. Issue 7.
Pages 343-345 (January 2001)
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Hemorragia digestiva baja por Dieulafoy de colon ascendente
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to dieulafoy's lesion in the upper colon
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P.A. Rivera Vaquerizo
Corresponding author
med002517@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Dr. P.A. Rivera Vaquerizo. Baños 59, 7.° A. 02005 Albacete.
, J.M. Barajas Martínez, M. Blasco Colmenarejo, M. Vicente Gutiérrez, V. García García, R. Pérez Flores
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Resumen

La lesión de Dieulafoy es una anomalía vascular localizada habitualmente en el estómago proximal, también descrita en otras localizaciones del tubo digestivo y, entre ellas, la colorectal.

Es más frecuente en varones a una edad media de 50-70 años, representando menos del 2% de las causas de hemorragia gastrointestinal aguda.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 66 años en tratamiento con diclofenaco oral que consultó por deposiciones melénicas, objetivando en una gastroscopia erosiones agudas bulbares sin signos de sangrado. Tras la retirada de diclofenaco y la instauración de tratamiento con omeprazol persistieron las deposiciones patológicas, por lo que ingresó a los 7 días. En la colonoscopia se observó una hemorragia activa en el colon ascendente que cedió tras una esclerosis con oleato de etanolamina. Tras el alta reingresó a los 10 días por resangrado. La nueva gastroscopia fue normal y en la colonoscopia realizada a los 3 días no se objetivó sangrado ni lesiones. La patogenia de la lesión de Dieulafoy es mal conocida, aunque se cree que una erosión de la mucosa que recubre un vaso podría ser la causa. El diagnóstico de certeza es histológico, aunque se han descrito signos endoscópicos para su diagnóstico. En ocasiones el diagnóstico endoscópico es difícil y se debe recurrir a la arteriografía, que puede ser diagnóstica y terapéutica.

El tratamiento de elección es endoscópico, siendo recomendable la utilización de 2 métodos hemostáticos. Si éstos fracasan se deberá recurrir a la cirugía, siendo la arteriografía una buena alternativa en malos candidatos a la cirugía.

Abstract

Dieulafoy's lesion is a vascular anomaly generally located in the proximal stomach, although it has also been documented in other areas such as the colorectum. It is mainly found in men aged between 50 and 70 years, and represents less than 2% of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhagic episodes.

A 66-year-old woman who was undergoing oral Diclofenac treatment presented with black stools. Endoscopy revealed acute duodenal erosions with no signs of bleeding. Black stools persisted after Diclofenac was discontinued and omeprazole treatment was started and the patient was admitted to hospital after 7 days. Colonoscopy revealed active bleeding in the upper colon, which ceased after sclerosis with ethanolamine oleate. The patient was discharged from hospital but was readmitted 10 days later because of rebleeding. The results of upper endoscopy were normal and colonoscopy performed 3 days later detected neither lesions nor bleeding.

The pathogenesis of Dieulafoy's lesion is not well known, although it could be caused by erosion of the mucous lining of a vessel. Definitive diagnosis is histologic, although certain endoscopic diagnostic signs have been described. Endoscopic diagnosis is sometimes difficult; in such cases, arteriography should be employed, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

The treatment of choice is endoscopic and the use of two hemostatic methods is advisable. If these procedures fail, surgery is required. Arteriography is the most suitable alternative in patients who are poor candidates for surgery.

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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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