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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
Pages 19-22 (January 2003)
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Vol. 26. Issue 1.
Pages 19-22 (January 2003)
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Infecciones oportunistas en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal bajo tratamiento inmunosupresor
Opportunistic Infections In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Undergoing Immunosuppressive Therapy
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I. Bernal, E. Domènech, E. García-Planella, E. Cabré, M.A. Gassulla
Corresponding author
mgassull@ns.hugtip.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. M.A. Gassull. Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Carretera del Canyet, s/n. 08916 Badalona. Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Badalona. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

Los fármacos inmunosupresores (azatioprina, metotrexato) se emplean cada vez con más frecuencia en el tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. El uso de inmunosupresores se asocia a un mayor riesgo de infecciones oportunistas, siendo las más frecuentes las causadas por citomegalovirus y virus de la varicela-zoster.

Presentamos 4 casos de infección oportunista por virus de la familia Herpesvirus en pacientes afectados de enfermedad de Crohn que recibían tratamiento inmunosupresor con azatioprina para el control de su enfermedad. Asimismo, se revisa la bibliografía existente al respecto.

Dos pacientes presentaron varicela cutánea complicada con neumonía y esofagitis, respectivamente, un paciente herpes zoster cutáneo y el restante una neumonía fatal posiblemente causada por Herpesvirus. En los tres primeros el curso evolutivo de la infección fue favorable tras suspenderse el tratamiento inmunosupresor e iniciarse tratamiento con aziclovir.

El tratamiento con azatioprina en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn condiciona un mayor riesgo de infección oportunista por Herpesvirus. Sin embargo, y en ausencia de otros factores que incrementen el estado de inmunosupresión, ésta suele presentar una evolución benigna con tratamiento antiviral específico.

Immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, methotrexate) are increasingly being used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The use of immunosuppressive agents is associated with a greater risk of opportunistic infections, the most frequent of which are those caused by cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus.

We present four cases of opportunistic infections due to Herpesviruses in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine for Crohn's disease. We also review the literature published on this topic.

Two patients presented cutaneous varicella complicated by pneumonia and esophagitis respectively, one patient had cutaneous herpes zoster and the other had fatal pneumonia possibly caused by the Herpesvirus. In the first three the clinical course of the infection was favorable after withdrawing immunosuppressant treatment and initiating treatment with aziclovir.

In patients Crohn's disease azathioprine treatment increases the risk of opportunistic infection by Herpesvirus. However, in the absence of other factors that increase immunosuppression, these infections usually have a benign course with specific antiviral therapy.

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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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