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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Metaplasia intestinal en la unión esofagogástrica. Prevalencia y asociaciones ...
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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 487-492 (January 2002)
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Vol. 25. Issue 8.
Pages 487-492 (January 2002)
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Metaplasia intestinal en la unión esofagogástrica. Prevalencia y asociaciones en una población sometida a endoscopia
Intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction. prevalence and association in patients undergoing endoscopy
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M.L. de Castro
,c
, C. Fachala, J.R. Pinedad, F. Domínguezd, J.I.R. Pradab, J.A. Hermod, J. Susoc, J. Clofentd
a Servicios de Aparato Digestivo, Anatomía Patológica Hospital Meixoeiro. España
b Servicios de Aparato Digestivo, Unidad de Investigación. Hospital Meixoeiro. España
c Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Xeral-Cíes. Vigo. España
d Servicios de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Meixoeiro
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Objetivo

La metaplasia intestinal (MI) de segmento corto en la unión gastroesofágica es una entidad muy controvertida. Diversos estudios han comunicado amplias variaciones en su prevalencia y en los factores asociados con su desarrollo. Recientemente se diferencia entre MI esofágica y MI cardial, asumiendo una etiopatogenia y un pronóstico diferentes. Pretendemos estudiar la prevalencia de esta entidad en nuestro medio y su asociación con la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y con la infección por Helicobacter pylori.

Métodos

En 161 pacientes se obtuvieron biopsias en el esófago distal (2), bajo la línea Z (3) y en el antro gástrico (3) y se midieron las distancias desde los incisivos a la línea Z (ILZ) y a la unión gastroesofágica (IEG). La presencia de células caliciformes positivas con azul alcian-PAS fue diagnóstica de MI, clasificándose como MI esofágica si ILZ < IEG o MI cardial ante la coincidencia entre ambas medidas. La detección de H. pylori se realizó mediante test de ureasa (CLO-test) e histología. Consideramos ERGE ante la presencia de síntomas típicos o lesiones endoscópicas e histológicas en esófago distal. En 54 pacientes con MI (73%) se realizaron manometría y pH-metría de 24 h.

Resultados

Presentaban MI 74 pacientes (46%), correspondiendo a 33 sujetos con metaplasia esofágica (20,5%) y 41 casos de metaplasia cardial (25,4%). La presencia de MI en la unión gastroesofágica se asoció con la edad (p = 0,007) y a la toma de inhibidores de la bomba de protones (p = 0,004). No encontramos ninguna relación entre la ERGE (clínica, endoscópica o histológica) y la presencia de MI esofágica o cardial. La infección por H. pylori no se asoció con la presencia de MI en el cardias, aunque sí con una menor frecuencia de lesiones esofágicas por reflujo. La pH-metría ORIGINALES de 24 h no detectó diferencias en la exposición ácida entre los pacientes con MI esofágica o cardial.

Conclusiones

La existencia de segmentos cortos de metaplasia intestinal en la unión esofagogástrica es frecuente en la población sometida a endoscopia, y su relación con la edad sugiere un origen adquirido para esta lesión. No encontramos ninguna asociación entre MI esofágica y ERGE, evaluada mediante clínica, endoscopia, histología o cuantificación del pH intraesofágico. La infección por H. pylori no se asoció con la presencia de MI cardial.

Aim

Short segments of intestinal metaplasia (IM) at the esophagogastric junction is an unclear entity. Several studies have reported wide variations in its prevalence and in the factors associated with its development. Recently, this entity has been divided into esophageal IM and cardiac IM, as two different lesions in etiopathogenesis and prognosis. We studied the prevalence of these conditions and their association with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Methods

In 161 patients, biopsies were obtained from the distal esophagus (2), just below the Z line (3), and in the gastric antrum (4). IM was diagnosed on the basis of staining of goblet cells with Alcian blue and was classified as esophageal if ILZ < IEG or cardiac ILZ = IEG. H. pylori was determined by rapid urease (CLO-test) and histology. Diagnosis of GERD was based on typical symptoms, endoscopy, and histology. In 54 patients with IM (73%) esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH-metry was also performed.

Results

IM was detected in 74 patients (46%); IM was esophageal in 33 patients (20.5%) and cardiac in 41 patients (25.4%). Patients with IM were significantly older than those without (p = 0.007) and took proton pump inhibitors more frequently (p = 0.004). No correlation was found between reflux symptoms, esophageal lesions or histologicalchanges with either type of IM. No differences between esophageal or cardiac IM were detected by esophageal pH-metry. H. pylori infection was unrelated to cardiac IM, but these patients had a lower frequency of endoscopic and histological changes in the distal esophagus.

Conclusions

Intestinal metaplasia is a common finding in patients sent for gastroscopy and is probably an acquired lesion that increases in prevalence with age. We found no associations between esophageal IM and GERD, evaluated by typical symptoms, endoscopic and histological changes and pHmetry. H. pylori infection showed no relation to cardiac IM.

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