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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Modalidades de tratamiento para pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular: una serie...
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 11-17 (January 2004)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 11-17 (January 2004)
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Modalidades de tratamiento para pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular: una serie retrospectiva de una sola institución en México
Treatment Modalities In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Series In A Single Institution In Mexico
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4558
J. Meza-Juncoa,
Corresponding author
judith_mj@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. Judith Meza-Junco. Departamento de Hemato-Oncología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga, 15, sección XVI, Tlalpan. CP 14000. México DF. México.
, A. Montaño-Lozab, Candelaria-Myrnaa
a Departamento de Hemato-Oncología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México D.F
b Servicio de Gastroenterología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México DF. México
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Antecedentes

Actualmente, las opciones de tratamiento curativas para el carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) son la resección quirúrgica y el trasplante hepático ortotópico. La mayoría de los pacientes son detectados tardíamente, debido a la extensión del cáncer o a los factores de comorbilidad, y sólo se les pueden ofrecer tratamientos paliativos. Son pocas las series de tratamiento para pacientes con CHC en Latinoamérica. Nosotros revisamos la experiencia en el tratamiento del CHC en una institución en 10 años.

Pacientes Y MÉtodo

Se incluyó a 135 pacientes visitados en el Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), de enero de 1991 a diciembre de 2000. En todos los pacientes se documentó etiología, estadio y medidas terapéuticas. El tiempo de supervivencia se calculó en función de la estadificación y el tratamiento.

Resultados

De los 135 pacientes, 77 (57%) fueron varones y 58 (43%) mujeres. En el momento del diagnóstico de CHC, la edad promedio fue 59 años (16-87 años). Se diagnosticó cirrosis hepática en 89 (64,4%) pacientes. La supervivencia global de todos los pacientes fue de 7,9 meses. El tratamiento incluyó: resección quirúrgica (n = 22), quimioembolización intraarterial (n = 10), alcoholización percutánea (n = 6), quimioterapia sistémica (n = 5), tamoxifeno (n = 11), talidomida (n = 1) y 80 pacientes recibieron medidas de soporte. La supervivencia global de los pacientes que se sometieron a resección quirúrgica (37,8 meses) fue significativamente mayor en comparación a los pacientes que no se operaron.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento de soporte tuvieron una supervivencia de 1,7 meses. La resección hepática es la opción terapéutica que ofrece la mejor posibilidad de curación en los pacientes con CHC. La alta asociación entre CHC y cirrosis hepática hace que la resección quirúrgica sea difícil en pacientes con pobre reserva hepática.

Background

To date, curative treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include orthotopic liver transplantation or surgical resection. Most patients are detected with nonresectable or transplantable HCC due to disease extension or comorbid factors, and are therefore candidates for palliative treatments only. Few follow-up data are available in patients with HCC in Latin America. We therefore reviewed the experience of HCC treatment in a single institution over a 10-year period.

Patients and Method

A total of 135 patients attending the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, a national referral center in Mexico, from January 1991 to December 2000 were included. In all patients etiology, stage, and diagnostic and therapeutic measures were documented. Survival time was calculated as a function of staging and therapy.

Results

Of 135 patients, 77 (57%) were men and 58 (43%) were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.17 years (range: 16-87 years). Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 89 patients (64.4%). The median overall survival for all patients with HCC was 7.9 months. Treatment included surgical resection (n = 22), hepatic artery chemoembolization (n = 10), percutaneous ethanol injection (n = 6), systemic chemotherapy (n = 5), tamoxifen (n = 11), and thalidomide (n = 1). Eighty patients received support measures. The median survival in the group of patients who underwent surgical resection (37.89 months) was significantly higher than that in the groups of patients who did not undergo resection.

Conclusions

Patients with HCC who received no treatment had a median survival of 1.7 months. Hepatic resection offers the best chance of cure in patients with HCC. The strong association between HCC and cirrhotic liver disease makes surgical resection difficult in patients with low hepatic reserve.

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