Article information
Resumen
El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en los países desarrollados, y hasta un 5% de los todos casos ocurre en el contexto de un síndrome hereditario. Estas formas hereditarias demandan en muchas ocasiones un alto grado de sospecha para su diagnóstico y requieren de un manejo específico y especializado. Además, el diagnóstico del CCR hereditario tiene importantes consecuencias no sólo para el paciente, para el que existen medidas de prevención altamente efectivas, sino también para los familiares, que pueden ser portadores de la misma condición. Los avances más significativos en el campo del CCR hereditario se han producido en la caracterización del síndrome del poliposis serrada y en el diagnóstico y manejo de los pacientes con síndrome de Lynch y la poliposis adenomatosa familiar.
Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal hereditario
Poliposis adenomatosa familiar
Pólipo serrado
Poliposis serrada
Síndrome de Lynch
Síndrome de poliposis hiperplásica
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries, and up to 5% of all cases occur in the context of a hereditary syndrome. These hereditary forms often require a high degree of suspicion for diagnosis, as well as specific and specialized management. In addition, a diagnosis of hereditary CRC has major consequences not only for the patient, for whom there are highly effective prevention measures, but also for relatives, who may be carriers of the same condition. The most significant advances in the field of hereditary CRC have occurred in the characterization of serrated polyposis syndrome and in the diagnosis and management of patients with Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis.
Keywords:
Hereditary colorectal cancer
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Serrated polyp
Serrated polyposis
Lynch syndrome
Hyperplastic polyposis
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