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Journal Information
Vol. 34. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 89-94 (January 2011)
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Vol. 34. Issue S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Pages 89-94 (January 2011)
Vías biliares y páncreas
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Pancreatitis aguda
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8255
Enrique de-Madaria
Unidad de Patología Pancreática, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Resumen

Se han seleccionado 8 estudios por su relevancia clínica en el campo de la pancreatitis aguda (PA). En un ensayo clínico multicéntrico se comprobó que el tratamiento de la necrosis pancreática infectada mediante drenaje, seguido, en caso de mala evolución, por desbridamiento retroperitoneal videoasistido, era superior a la cirugía abierta clásica en cuanto a costes y complicaciones. Un estudio retrospectivo analizó la radiación proveniente de la tomografía computarizada recibida por pacientes con PA necrosante, alertando sobre la alta dosis administrada, que podría tener efectos cancerígenos relevantes. En un trabajo retrospectivo multicéntrico se confirma la utilidad de la medición del nitrógeno ureico en sangre al ingreso y a las 24 h en la predicción de mortalidad por PA. En un estudio prospectivo sobre fluidoterapia se describe que una cantidad de fluidos escasa o bien excesiva en las primeras 24 h de ingreso se relaciona con peor evolución. En 2 estudios se analiza el sistema pronóstico BISAP al ingreso por PA; es útil en el contexto de PA en general, pero no aporta nada en el subgrupo de pacientes que precisó ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Por último, en 2 trabajos se muestra un poder pronóstico muy prometedor de los factores angiogénicos determinados en suero en la PA.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis aguda necrosante
Pronóstico
Radiación
Nitrógeno ureico en sangre
Fluidoterapia
Proteínas angiogénicas
BISAP
Abstract

The present review discusses eight studies, selected for their clinical importance in the field of acute pancreatitis (AP). A multicenter clinical trial demonstrated that treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis through drainage, followed by video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement in patients with poor clinical course, was superior to classical open surgery in terms of costs and complications. A retrospective study analyzed the radiation from computed tomography received by patients with necrotizing AP and warned of the high dose administered, which could have significant carcinogenic effects. A multicenter retrospective study confirmed the utility of measuring blood urea nitrogen at admission and at 24 hours in predicting mortality due to AP. A prospective study of fluid therapy reported that inadequate or excess fluid administration in the first 24 hours of admission were related to poor outcome. Two studies analyzed the bedside index for severity in AP (BISAP) score at admission; this scoring system was useful in AP in general but not in the subgroup of patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Lastly, two studies showed the highly promising prognostic value of determining serum concentrations of angiogenic factors in AP.

Keywords:
Necrotizing acute pancreatitis
Prognosis
Radiation
Blood urea nitrogen
Fluid therapy
Angiogenic proteins
BISAP
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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