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Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Triple terapia inmunosupresora en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa grave
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 1-5 (January 2004)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 1-5 (January 2004)
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Triple terapia inmunosupresora en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa grave
Triple Immunosuppressive Therapy In The Treatment Of Severe Ulcerative Colitis
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B. Castro*, J. Crespo, C. García-Suárez, E. Fábrega, F. Casafont, F. Pons-Romero
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander. Cantabria. España
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Introducción

Los brotes graves de colitis ulcerosa (CU) refractarios a tratamiento esteroideo han sido considerados una indicación quirúrgica hasta la introducción de nuevos agentes inmunosupresores como la ciclosporina (CYA).

Objetivos

1) Confirmar la eficacia de la CYA intravenosa en la inducción de la remisión en los brotes graves de CU corticorrefractarios. 2) Analizar la eficacia de una triple terapia inmunosupresora con CYA, azatioprina y prednisona en el mantenimiento de los pacientes que alcanzaron la remisión con CYA intravenosa.

Pacientes Y Método

Catorce pacientes diagnosticados de brote grave de CU corticorrefractario fueron tratados con CYA intravenosa a dosis de 4 mg/kg/día. En todos ellos, tras conseguir la inducción de respuesta, se pasó a la administración de CYA vía oral asociando en este momento azatioprina a dosis de 2-2,5 mg/kg/d y corticoides en pauta descendente. La CYA neoral se redujo progresivamente hasta su retirada en el plazo de 3 meses, coincidiendo con la disminución simultánea de los esteroides orales.

Resultados

Todos los pacientes respondieron a la administración de CYA intravenosa, con reducción significativa del índice de Truelove calculado antes y después del tratamiento. Tras conseguir la remisión del brote, todos los pacientes siguieron la triple terapia inmunosupresora durante 3 meses. En el seguimiento medio de 24 meses (rango 14-34) sólo 2 pacientes han precisado ingreso por un nuevo brote de su enfermedad y sólo en uno de ellos se indicó finalmente la realización de una colectomía. En ninguno de los 14 pacientes tratados con CYA se ha observado efectos secundarios graves atribuibles a su administración.

Conclusiones

La CYA administrada por vía intravenosa es una alternativa eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de los brotes graves de CU corticorrefractarios. El inicio precoz de su administración vía oral, asociada a azatioprina, es útil en el mantenimiento de la respuesta, disminuyendo las recaídas posteriores y la necesidad de colectomía en el seguimiento de estos pacientes.

Introduction

Severe episodes of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) were considered an indication for surgery until the introduction of new immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporine.

Objectives

1) To confirm the efficacy of intravenous cyclosporine in inducing remission in severe episodes of steroid- refractory UC; 2) To analyze the efficacy of triple immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone in the maintenance of remission induced by intravenous cyclosporine.

Patients and Method

Fourteen patients diagnosed with a severe episode of steroid-refractory UC were treated with intravenous cyclosporine at a dose of 4 mg/kg/day. In all patients, after response was induced, this regimen was substituted by oral cyclosporine plus azathioprine at a dose of 2- 2.5 mg/kg/day and decreasing doses of corticoids. Neoral cyclosporine was progressively reduced until discontinuation within 3 months, coinciding with a simultaneous decrease of oral steroids.

Results

All patients showed response to intravenous cyclosporine with a significant reduction in the Truelove index calculated before and after treatment. After remission was induced, all patients followed triple immunosuppressive therapy for 3 months. In the follow-up for a mean of 24 months (range: 14-34) only two patients required admission for a new episode of UC and colectomy was finally indicated in only one. None of the 14 patients treated with cyclosporine showed severe adverse effects attributable to the drug.

Conclusions

Intravenous cyclosporine is a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of severe episodes of steroidrefractory UC. Early initiation of oral administration associated with azathioprine is useful in maintaining response, reducing subsequent relapses and the need for colectomy during the follow-up of these patients.

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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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