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Vol. 26. Issue 6.
Pages 351-354 (January 2003)
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Vol. 26. Issue 6.
Pages 351-354 (January 2003)
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Tuberculosis intestinal. Un reto diagnóstico
Intestinal tuberculosis. a diagnostic challenge
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P. Martínez Tiradoa,
Corresponding author
pmtirador@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. P. Martínez Tirado. Trajano, 5, 5.o B. 18002 Granada. España
, M. López de Hierro Ruiza, R. Martínez Garcíaa, J.G. Martínez Caraa, M.M. Martín Rodrígueza, M.M. Castilla Castellanob
a Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada. España
b Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada. España
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Resumen

La tuberculosis (TBC) es una enfermedad frecuente en nuestro país cuya incidencia ha aumentado a consecuencia del síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida, la inmigración y los tratamientos inmusupresores.

La afectación intestinal es rara. Supone un reto diagnóstico ya que carece de manifestaciones clínicas y analíticas específicas. Además, las lesiones endoscópicas son muy parecidas a las de otras enfermedades más frecuentes, como la enfermedad de Crohn. La importancia de diferenciar estas dos afecciones radica en el tratamiento con corticoides, que mejora la enfermedad de Crohn y puede suponer la muerte en la TBC.

La colonoscopia desempeña un papel importante a la hora de establecer el diagnóstico de sospecha. Los hallazgos endoscópicos más característicos de la TBC son: úlceras circulares, pequeños divertículos (3-5 mm) y pólipos fuertemente adheridos a la mucosa.

El diagnóstico de confirmación implica la demostración de granulomas caseificantes y del bacilo ácido-alcohol resistente. Actualmente, la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa se recomienda para detectar el ADN del bacilo en el tejido obtenido mediante biopsia.

Presentamos un caso de TBC intestinal en una mujer con trasplante renal, donde queda de manifiesto la dificultad diagnóstica comentada.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease in Spain, whose incidence has increased due to AIDS, immunotherapy and immigration. Intestinal disease is rare and can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms and laboratory results are nonspecific. In addition, endoscopic lesions resemble those of other diseases such as Crohn's disease (CD). Differentiating between intestinal TB and CD is very important since steroid treatment con be life saving in CD and lethal in intestinal TB.

Colonoscopy plays an important role in establishing a suspected diagnosis. The endoscopic findings most characteristic of intestinal TB are circular ulcers, small diverticula (3-5 mm), and sessile firm polyps. The suspected diagnosis must be confirmed by the presence of caseating granulomas and/or acid fast bacilli. Polymerase chain reaction is currently recommended for assessing the presence of tubercle bacilli in tissue specimens obtained by endoscopic biopsy.

We report a case of intestinal TB in a female renal transplantrecipient that demonstrates the difficulty of makingthis diagnosis.

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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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