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Inicio Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular ¿Controlamos correctamente la presión arterial en nuestros pacientes diabétic...
Journal Information
Vol. 18. Issue 6.
Pages 266-270 (August 2001)
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Vol. 18. Issue 6.
Pages 266-270 (August 2001)
¿Controlamos correctamente la presión arterial en nuestros pacientes diabéticos? (Evolución 1995-2000)
Do we control blood pressure in our diabetic patients? (Evolution 1995-2000)
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1416
S. Redondo de Pedro
,1
Corresponding author
roruetas@papps.org

Correspondencia: Centro de Salud Sillería.Sillería, 2.45001 Toledo.
, M. Soto García*, G. Alejandre Lázaro*, J. López Díaz*, A. Delgado Rubio**, J. Carmona de la Morena**, R. Orueta Sánchez**
* Residente. Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria
** édico de Familia. Centro de Salud Sillería. Toledo
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Los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron conocer el control tensional en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos en 1995 y 2000, así como los perfiles terapéuticos empleados. Para ello se diseñó un estudio observacional con 2 cortes transversales (1995 y 2000). Como población se recogió a todos los diabéticos diagnosticados de hipertensión arterial en 3 cupos de Medicina General. De la historia clínica se extrajeron la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y presión arterial diastólica (PAD) medias en 1995 (3 primeras tomas) y 2000 (3 últimas tomas), tratamiento prescrito y presencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Para su clasificación se emplearon los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Los resultados principales fueron: PAS media de 148,2 (IC 95 %, 144,2-152,2) en 1995 y 142,4 (140,1-144,7) en 2000 (p < 0,05); PAD media de 83,6 (81,2-86) en 1995 y 79,8 (IC 95%, 78,3-81,4) en 2000 (p < 0,01). El porcentaje de pacientes con cifras normalizadas fue de 22,2 % y 40 % en 1995 y 2000, respectivamente (p < 0,05). En cuanto al tratamiento prescrito, existe disminución del tratamiento dietético en 2000 (13% frente a 6 %) y aumento de tratamiento con asociaciones farmacológicas (31,5 % frente a 40 %). Comparando los grupos farmacológicos más empleados en 1995 y 2000 observamos un incremento de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina (IECA) (44,7 % frente al 62,7 % de los pacientes) y una disminución del empleo de diuréticos (53,2% frente al 39,3 %) como datos más relevantes.

Concluimos que existe incremento en el grado de control de estos pacientes asociado a disminución de cifras de PAS y PAD medias en posible relación con la actitud terapéutica más agresiva. Si bien existe aumento del empleo de IECA, la tendencia es susceptible de mejora.

Palabras clave:
diabetes
hipertensión arterial

The objectives of our study were to find out about blood pressure control in diabetic hypertensive patients in 1995 and in 2000, as well as to acquire information on the treatment used. To get this objective we designed an observational study with two cross sectional cuts (1995 and 2000). All diabetic patients who were diagnosed with hypertension in three General Practice surgeries as participants were taken by clinic history were obtaned the main systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 1995 (first three measures) and in 2000 (last three measures), the treatment that was undertaken and the presence of another factors of cardiovascular risk. To classify them, the OMS criteria were used. The main results were: Main Systolic Blood Pressure was 148.2 (95% Cl, 144.2-152.2) in 1995 and 142.4 (140.1-144.7) in 2000 (p < 0.05); Main Diastolic Blood Pressure was 83.6 (81.2-86) in 1995 and 79.8 (95 % Cl; 78.3-81.4) in 2000 (p < 0,01). The percentage of patients with normal rates was 22.2 and 40% in 1995 and 2000 respectively (p < 0.05). With respect to the treatment used a decrease in dietetic treatment in 2000 (13 % against 6%) was detected as well as an increase in the treatment with pharmacological associations (31.5% against 40%). When the most used pharmacological groups in 1995 and 2000 were compared, we observed an increase in the use of ACE inhibitors (44.7 % against 62.7 % of the patients) and a decrease in the use of diuretics (53.3% against 39.3 %) as the most relevant aspects.

We conclude that an increase in the control of these patients was observed and associated with a decrease in main systolic and diastolic blood pressure rates, probably related to a more aggressive therapeutic approach. Although an increase in the use of ACE inhibitors was seen, this tendency is likely to result in improvement.

Key words:
Diabetes
hypertension

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