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Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 6-13 (March 2009)
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Vol. 13. Issue 1.
Pages 6-13 (March 2009)
Open Access
Evaluación del impacto de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica del consumo de antibióticos y la flora en una clínica de tercer nivel
Evaluation of the impact of a program of epidemiological surveillance in consumption of antibiotics and flora in a third level clinic
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Juan Carlos Cataño1, Omar Castaño1,
Corresponding author
omarcastaq@hotmail.com

Calle 2 sur N° 46-55 (319), Medellín, Colombia. Teléfono: 266 8737.
1 Clínica Las Vegas, Medellín
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Article information
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar el impacto que un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica tiene en las características de la formulación de antibióticos y la frecuencia de gérmenes multirresistentes en una clínica de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Medellín.

Materiales y métodos

Es un estudio retrospectivo y observacional, dividido en una fase de 18 meses previa a la intervención, comprendida entre julio 1 de 2004 y diciembre 31 de 2005, y una fase de intervención de 18 meses, comprendida entre enero 1 de 2006 y junio 30 de 2007.

El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Clínica Las Vegas de la ciudad de Medellín. Incluyó como universo, los aislamientos de gérmenes multirresistentes y la cantidad de antibiótico formulado. Se evaluaron los cambios en la formulación de antibióticos (dosis diaria definida por 100 día/cama) y los cambios en la frecuencia de aislamientos de gérmenes multirresistentes.

Resultados

Se encontró un incremento progresivo en el uso de antibióticos, sin que se hubieran modificado los indicadores de ocupación hospitalaria. La política de intervención demostró una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el uso de ceftriaxona (p<0,001), imipenem (p<0,01), meropenem (p<0,001) y glucopéptidos (p<0,04), asociada a un aumento en la formulación de ampicilina/sulbactam, piperacilina/tazobactam, quinolonas y aminoglucósidos. No se modificó la frecuencia de aislamientos de gérmenes multirresistentes (p<0,51).

Conclusiones

Una política de vigilancia epidemiológica tiene un impacto positivo en el consumo general de antibióticos de gran valor biológico y económico, sin que el presente estudio haya podido demostrar un impacto positivo en la frecuencia de aislamientos multirresistentes.

Palabras clave:
bacterias
antibióticos
vigilancia epidemiológica
dosificación
resistencia
aislamiento
Abstract
Objective

To determine the impact of an epidemiological surveillance program in the formulation patterns of antimicrobials, and the frequency of multirresistant bacteria isolated in a third level clinic in Medellin.

Materials and methods

A retrospective and observational study, divided in a pre-intervention phase of 18 months, between July 1st 2004 a December 31st 2005, and an intervention phase of 18 months, between January 1st 2006 and June 30th 2007 was carried out. The study was done at Las Vegas Clinic in Medellín on the multiresistant bacteria isolated and the amount of antibiotic prescribed. The observed changes were evaluated in the magnitude of antibiotics formulation (daily defined doses x 100 day-bed) and the changes in the frequency of isolations of multiresistant bacteria.

Results

A progressive increase in the use of antibiotics was found without modifying clinic occupation indicators, the intervention policy demonstrated statistically significant reduction in the use of Ceftriaxone (p<0.001), Imipenem (p 0.01), Meropenem (p<0.001) and glicopeptides (p 0.04), this was associated with an increase in the Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, quinolones and aminoglicosides formulation. It did not modify the frequency of evaluated multiresistant germs (p 0.51).

Conclusions

An epidemiologic surveillance policy has a positive impact in antibiotic consumption, but this study does not demonstrate a positive impact in multiresistant bacteria isolation frequency.

Key words:
bacteria
resistance
antibacterial agents
surveillance
isolation
epidemiologic
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Copyright © 2009. Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN)
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