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Vol. 14. Issue 4.
Pages 264-276 (December 2010)
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Vol. 14. Issue 4.
Pages 264-276 (December 2010)
Open Access
Fiebre manchada de las montañas rocosas: ni tan manchada ni tan montañosa como pensábamos
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: not as spotted or as mountainous as thought
Visits
4441
James Samir Díaz1, Juan Carlos Cataño2,
Corresponding author
kataju@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Calle 8 sur N° 43B-112, Medellín, Colombia. Tel.:éfono: (57-4) 448-1001.
1 Médico internista, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
2 Médico internista infectólogo, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia
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Resumen

La iebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas es una infección producida por Rickettsia rickettsii, un cocobacilo polimorfo perteneciente a la familia Rickettsiaceae. A pesar de que ha pasado más de un siglo desde que fue descrita, continúa siendo una de las zoonosis más importantes en todo el mundo. Aunque los casos se presentan de manera focal y esporádica, en los últimos años se ha notado un incremento de su incidencia en los Estados Unidos y parece estar resurgiendo en varios países de Suramérica. En Colombia, poco se sabía de la enfermedad desde 1937, cuando fue descrita por primera vez, pero, en los últimos años se han presentado nuevos casos con alta tasa de mortalidad. Dado que los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio son inespecíicos, la iebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los síndromes febriles de causa no clara.

A continuación se presenta una revisión de la literatura, señalando los aspectos más importantes del resurgimiento de la enfermedad en Colombia y se resaltan su etiopatogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento, con el objeto de mejorar el conocimiento local de esta infección, probablemente subdiagnosticada, que puede curarse fácilmente con unas cuantas dosis de antibióticos por vía oral.

Palabras clave:
rickettsiosis
iebre manchada de las Montañas Rocosas
iebres hemorrágicas
brote
epidemia
epidemiología
Colombia
Abstract

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is an infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a pleomorphic cocobacillae which belongs to the Rickettsiaceae family. Although it has been more than a century since its irst description, this disease is still one of the most important zoonosis in the world. Usually cases occur in focal and sporadic form, but an unusual increase in the frequency of cases during the last few years has drawn the attention of surveillance systems in United States and some South American countries. Little was known about the disease in Colombia when it was irst described in 1937, but in recent years new cases have been reported showing high mortality rates. Since clinical and laboratory indings have not been speciic, the RMSF must be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile syndromes of unknown origin. A literature review follows herein, pointing out the most important features of the cases diagnosed in Colombia and highlighting their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment, and attempting to improve local knowledge of this infection. The disease is probably under-diagnosed and could be treated with a few doses of PO antibiotics.

Key words:
Rickettsiosis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Haemorrhagic fever
outbreak
epidemic
epidemiology
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