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Vol. 14. Issue S2.
Pages 99-106 (December 2010)
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Vol. 14. Issue S2.
Pages 99-106 (December 2010)
Open Access
Histoplasmosis en pacientes con sida. Un estudio de cohorte en Medellín, Colombia
Histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. A cohort study in Medellín, Colombia
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Gloria Velásquez Uribe1†, Zulma Vanessa Rueda1, Lázaro Agustín Vélez1,2,
Corresponding author
clamona@une.net.co

Correspondencia Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE). Teléfono: +57(4) 2196542. Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Calle 62 # 52-59, laboratorio 630, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia. Dirección.
, Daniel Camilo Aguirre3, Rubén Darío Gómez-Arias3
1 Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
2 Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia y Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia
3 Grupo de Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia
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Resumen
Introducción

la histoplasmosis es una micosis endémica en nuestro país y una complicación relativamente frecuente de los pacientes con sida. El objetivo del estudio era identificar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y los factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes con sida coinfectados con histoplasmosis.

Materiales y métodos

se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, en Medellín, con 1177 pacientes con VIH atendidos en un programa especializado de sida. Se identificaron los pacientes con histoplasmosis confirmada por aislamiento del hongo, o identificación de levaduras intracelulares compatibles con Histoplasma capsulatum, mediante microscopía. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio, comorbilidad, tratamiento recibido y mortalidad.

Resultados

La histoplasmosis afectó a 44 de 709 pacientes con sida (6,2%). Entre éstos, el 95,4% tuvo fiebre, el 54,5% enfermedad diseminada y el 61,3% compromiso pulmonar. El cultivo fue positivo en el 89,3% y la histopatología en el 93,3%. Se encontró tuberculosis concomitante en el 15,9% y neumocistosis en el 11,4%. La mortalidad fue del 22,7%. El riesgo de morir fue mayor en pacientes con formas diseminadas (todas las muertes ocurrieron en sujetos con este tipo de compromiso), disnea (RR 13; IC95% 1,8-93,8), hipotensión (RR 4,5; IC95% 1,6-13,1), deshidrogenasa láctica (DHL) >2 veces (RR 5,2; IC95% 1,2-22,5), y fue menor en quienes recibieron Anfotericina B (RR 0,3; IC95% 0,1-0,8).

Discusión

en la región, la histoplasmosis es frecuente en pacientes con sida, y el rendimiento diagnóstico de las técnicas de rutina para H. capsulatum es alto, por lo que deben solicitarse en cualquier caso compatible. Demostrar la comorbilidad sida-histoplasmosis no descarta otras infecciones oportunistas. Los pacientes con formas diseminadas, disnea, hipotensión y DHL alta tienen mayor riesgo de muerte. El tratamiento con anfotericina B se asoció con una mayor sobrevida.

Keywords:
HIV
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Histoplasmosis
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Mortality.
Palabras Claves:
VIH
Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida
Histoplasmosis
Diagnóstico
Epidemiología
Mortalidad.
Abstract
Introduction

histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in Colombia and a relatively common complication in HIV patients. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics and mortality risk factors in patients infected with histoplasmosis and HIV.

Materials and methods

a retrospective cohort study was carried out at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl in Medellín with 1177 HIVpositive patients. Patients with histoplasmosis were confirmed by isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from culture or by identification of intracellular yeasts through microscopy. Data collected from patients included demographic and clinical variables, laboratory values, treatment, and survival.

Results

histoplasmosis affected 44/709 patients with AIDS (6.2%). Out of those, 95.4% had fever, 54.5% disseminated illness, and 61.3% pulmonary disease. Culture was positive in 89.3%, and histopathology in 93.3%. Concomitant tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii infection were diagnosed in 15.9% and 11.4%, respectively. General mortality was 22.7%. Mortality was higher in patients with disseminated forms (all 10 deaths occurred in this fashion), dyspnea (RR 13; 95% CI 1.8-93.8), hypotension (RR 4.5; 95% CI 1.6-13.1), lactate dehydrogenase >2 times the upper limit of the normal range (RR 5.2; 95% CI 1.2-22.5), and it was lower among patients treated with amphotericine B (RR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.8).

Discusion

histoplasmosis is frequent in AIDS patients in the region. As the diagnosis yield of routine techniques to identify H. capsulatum is high, they must be required in any compatible setting. Many patients with AIDS-histoplasmosis co-infection acquire other opportunistic infections. Patients with disseminated forms, dyspnea, hypotension, and high levels of DHL have a higher mortality risk. Exposure to amphotericine B is associated with longer survival.

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Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN)
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