Article information
Resumen
Los péptidos antimicrobianos son las moléculas efectoras del sistema inmune innato, cuyas familias se encuentran en casi todos los organismos, desde bacterias hasta mamíferos. Son una familia de sustancias polifacéticas con complejos mecanismos de acción relacionados con la interacción con el patógeno a través de su membrana, o afectando blancos internos, como la replicación del ADN y la síntesis de proteínas, e interactuando con el huésped con funciones inmunomoduladoras de la regulación del proceso inflamatorio y de la cicatrización.
Aunque la generación de resistencia a los péptidos antimicrobianos es mucho menor si se compara con la generada por los antibióticos convencionales, existen mecanismos de resistencia ya descritos, como la degradación por proteasas, la liberación de proteínas inhibidoras o los cambios en la conformación de la membrana externa del patógeno. El estudio de estas sustancias ha permitido evidenciar sus usos potenciales en el ámbito clínico para contrarrestar los inconvenientes de la resistencia a los antibióticos; sin embargo, a pesar de los grandes avances logrados en este campo, aún quedan puntos controversiales por dilucidar.
Palabras clave:
péptidos catiónicos antimicrobianos
péptidos de defensa del huésped
defensinas
antibióticos
cecropinas
catelicidinas
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are the effectors molecules of the innate immune system, finding groups of this kind of substances in almost all living organisms from bacteria to mammals. They are a family of versatile substances with complexes action mechanisms in the pathogen they interact with membrane, DNA synthesis and protein synthesis and folding, and also with the host showing immunomodulatory functions in wound healing and inflammation process. Even though the generation of resistance to the AMP is lower compare with conventional antibiotics there are resistance mechanism already describe to this kind of substances like degradation by proteases, releasing of inhibitory substances or conformational changes in the external membrane of the pathogen. Actually the study of this group of substances has make them see as potential tools for clinical use helping to counteract the problem of antibiotic resistance, but even great progress had been made in this field there still exist some controversial issues for future study.
Key words:
antimicrobial peptides
cationic antimicrobial peptides
host defense peptides
defensins
antibiotics
cecropins
cathelicidins
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