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Inicio Inmunología The renaissance of T regulatory cells: Looking for markers in a haystack
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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 100-107 (April - June 2007)
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Vol. 26. Issue 2.
Pages 100-107 (April - June 2007)
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The renaissance of T regulatory cells: Looking for markers in a haystack
El renacimiento de las células t reguladoras: buscando marcadores en un pajar
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E. Pini, G. Ojeda, P. Portolés
Corresponding author
pportols@isciii.es

Correspondence to: Unidad de Inmunología Celular; Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2, Majadahonda, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid
Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
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Resumen

Un tema básico en la Inmunología es cómo el Sistema Inmunitario puede proteger al huésped frente a una extraordinaria variedad de organismos patógenos al mismo tiempo que controla esas respuestas para que su duración o intensidad no sean perjudiciales para el organismo. Desde hace varios años se han acumulado los datos que subrayan la importancia de linfocitos T diferenciados en el timo, denominados linfocitos T reguladores (Treg), en la supresión de las respuestas inmunitarias normales y patológicas, contribuyendo a la tolerancia a los elementos propios y a la homeostasis inmune. Su papel en el control de la respuesta inmunitaria frente a tumores, alergenos, patógenos e injertos alogeneicos ha llamado la atención hacia su potencial uso terapéutico. Sin embargo, para que este potencial pueda convertirse en realidad es precisa una buena caracterización fenotípica y funcional de esta subpoblación, una tarea que se ha comprobado dificultosa. Así, todavía no están claros muchos puntos acerca de los genes diferenciadores maestros de este linaje celular, sus marcadores de superficie específicos, o sus mecanismos de supresión.

En dos trabajos muy recientes se han descrito las nucleotidasas CD39 y CD73 como marcadores de superficie de las células Treg, lo que permite unir la actividad supresora de estas células con modelos previos de inmunosupresión en los cuales la adenosina y el AMP cíclico tenían un papel funcional primordial.

Palabras clave:
Linfocitos T reguladores
Treg
Nucleotidasas
CD39
CD37
Adenosina
cAMP
Abstract

A key issue in Immunology is how the Immune System manages to achieve its major aim of protecting the host against an extraordinary variety of pathogens while, at the same time, controlling responses whose perduration and intensity might be harmful to the organism. For some years now, evidence has come out of the importance of a thymus-derived T cell subpopulation, called “regulatory” (Treg), able of suppressing physiological and pathological responses, contributing to self tolerance and immune homeostasis. Its role in controlling immune response to tumours, allergens, pathogens and allogeneic grafts has driven the attention towards its therapeutic potential. However, to develop this therapeutic potential to the full a good phenotypical and functional characterization of this subpopulation is necessary, a task that has proven difficult. Thus, many factors still remain obscure concerning the master differentiation genes of these cells, the specificity of their surface markers, or their suppressor mechanisms.

In two recent papers, the nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 have been described as T regulatory cell surface markers, linking the suppressive activity of these cells with previous immunosuppressor models in which adenosine and cAMP had functional relevance for cellular immunoregulation.

Key words:
T regulatory cells
Treg
Nucleotidases
CD39
CD37
Adenosine
cAMP
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